Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![### Reaction of Methyl Magnesium Iodide with Water
**Reaction Description:**
When methyl magnesium iodide (\( \text{CH}_3\text{-Mg-I} \)) reacts with water, a hydrocarbon and magnesium hydroxide are formed.
**Chemical Equation:**
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{-Mg-I} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{CH}_4 + \text{Mg(OH)I} \]
**Explanation:**
1. **Reactants:**
- Methyl magnesium iodide (\( \text{CH}_3\text{-Mg-I} \)): A Grignard reagent that is highly reactive with water.
- Water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)).
2. **Products:**
- Methane (\( \text{CH}_4 \)): A simple hydrocarbon gas.
- Magnesium hydroxide iodide (\( \text{Mg(OH)I} \)): This compound is a byproduct containing magnesium.
**Understanding the Process:**
- The alkyl group (\( \text{CH}_3^- \)) in methyl magnesium iodide attacks the hydrogen in the water molecule, leading to the formation of methane.
- The remaining parts combine to form magnesium hydroxide iodide.
This reaction showcases the nucleophilic nature of Grignard reagents, making them useful in forming carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4f7442e5-ed1a-4154-ba5d-4813abad6cff%2F9b810813-787c-40c1-b3fa-bbabca59594e%2Fxsz9646_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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