2. Per an December 23, 2014 www.huffingtonpost.com article entitled Children Who Eat More Fast Food Show Less Academic Improvement, Study Shows: "Fast food has long been linked to obesity, but a new study suggests that it may also affect children's educational achievement. The study, led by Kelly M. Purtell at Ohio State University, tracked students between fifth and eighth grade, when students are assessed in reading, math and science. Researchers used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort, a national survey covering about 12,000 students. In fifth grade, the students were asked how much fast food they had eaten in the past week (the survey was not necessarily given the same week as the academic assessment). Researchers then compared the frequency of fast food eaten to the academic achievement gains between fifth and eighth grade. Researchers found that students who ate more fast food overall had slower growth in academic achievement. Students who reported eating fast food once a day had slower growth in math, reading and science than students who ate no fast food. The faster food a student reported eating, the lower their rate of academic improvement." A. Was this an experiment or an observational study? Use the definition of an experiment in your answer. B. Would it be more accurate to state that worsening academic achievement between fifth and eighth grade is associated with increased fast food consumption or that worsening academic achievement between fifth and eighth grade is caused by increased fast food consumption? Why? Use the definition of an experiment and all three basic principles of statistical design of experiments in your answer.

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2. Per an December 23, 2014 www.huffingtonpost.com article entitled Children Who Eat More
Fast Food Show Less Academic Improvement, Study Shows: "Fast food has long been linked to
obesity, but a new study suggests that it may also affect children's educational achievement.
The study, led by Kelly M. Purtell at Ohio State University, tracked students between fifth and
eighth grade, when students are assessed in reading, math and science. Researchers used data
from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort, a national survey covering
about 12,000 students. In fifth grade, the students were asked how much fast food they had
eaten in the past week (the survey was not necessarily given the same week as the academic
assessment). Researchers then compared the frequency of fast food eaten to the academic
achievement gains between fifth and eighth grade. Researchers found that students who ate
more fast food overall had slower growth in academic achievement. Students who reported
eating fast food once a day had slower growth in math, reading and science than students who
ate no fast food. The faster food a student reported eating, the lower their rate of academic
improvement."
A. Was this an experiment or an observational study? Use the definition of an experiment
in your answer.
B. Would it be more accurate to state that worsening academic achievement between fifth
and eighth grade is associated with increased fast food consumption or that worsening
academic achievement between fifth and eighth grade is caused by increased fast food
consumption? Why? Use the definition of an experiment and all three basic principles
of statistical design of experiments in your answer.
Transcribed Image Text:2. Per an December 23, 2014 www.huffingtonpost.com article entitled Children Who Eat More Fast Food Show Less Academic Improvement, Study Shows: "Fast food has long been linked to obesity, but a new study suggests that it may also affect children's educational achievement. The study, led by Kelly M. Purtell at Ohio State University, tracked students between fifth and eighth grade, when students are assessed in reading, math and science. Researchers used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort, a national survey covering about 12,000 students. In fifth grade, the students were asked how much fast food they had eaten in the past week (the survey was not necessarily given the same week as the academic assessment). Researchers then compared the frequency of fast food eaten to the academic achievement gains between fifth and eighth grade. Researchers found that students who ate more fast food overall had slower growth in academic achievement. Students who reported eating fast food once a day had slower growth in math, reading and science than students who ate no fast food. The faster food a student reported eating, the lower their rate of academic improvement." A. Was this an experiment or an observational study? Use the definition of an experiment in your answer. B. Would it be more accurate to state that worsening academic achievement between fifth and eighth grade is associated with increased fast food consumption or that worsening academic achievement between fifth and eighth grade is caused by increased fast food consumption? Why? Use the definition of an experiment and all three basic principles of statistical design of experiments in your answer.
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