### Flow Net Analysis for Hydraulic Engineering2. From the flownet in the figure, estimate:(a) **The flow rate beneath the dam**(b) **The maximum exit gradient**(c) **The water pressure at the tip of each cut-off wall**(d) **The uplift force on the base of the structure****Answers:**- (a) \( Q = 3.47 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{m}^3/\text{s/m} \)- (b) \( i_e = 0.35 \)- (c) \( p_L = 107.6 \, \text{kPa}, \, p_R = 92.9 \, \text{kPa} \)- (d) \( U \approx 670 \, \text{kN/m} \)#### Diagram ExplanationThe accompanying diagram is a flownet for a dam structure. It represents the flow of water beneath a dam, visualized by a set of equipotential lines and streamlines.- **Dimensions:** - The diagram uses a scale where the dimensions are marked in meters. - The permeability coefficient (\( k \)) is \( 10^{-8} \, \text{m/s} \).- **Key Features:** - **Streamlines**: Curved lines representing paths followed by water particles in the flow. - **Equipotential Lines**: Lines perpendicular to streamlines, indicating points of equal hydraulic head.- **Flow Conditions:** - The total head is indicated at a value of 10 meters. - The cut-off walls are depicted at strategic points to control seepage and impact pressures. - The diagram shows a change in direction where water infiltrates below the structure and appears to exit downstream.This diagram and analysis are crucial for understanding the seepage patterns and ensuring the structural integrity against uplift pressures and seepage forces.

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2. From the flownet in the figure, estimate (a) the flow rate beneath the dam (b) the maximum exit gradient. (c) the water pressure at the tip of each cut-off wall (d) the uplift force on the base of the structure

2. From the flownet in the figure, estimate (a) the flow rate beneath the dam (b) the maximum exit gradient. (c) the water pressure at the tip of each cut-off wall (d) the uplift force on the base of the structure

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Highway Drainage

Highway drainage is the process of extracting and regulating the excess surface water on the pavement by giving the desired slope. The construction of a highway drain helps to divert the water present on the surface, and sub-grade by the means of slope. Highway drainage systems are a necessary part of smooth functioning of traffic, since the highway drainage systems provide proper disposal of unwanted substances from the highways.

Question

### Flow Net Analysis for Hydraulic Engineering

2. From the flownet in the figure, estimate:

(a) **The flow rate beneath the dam**
(b) **The maximum exit gradient**
(c) **The water pressure at the tip of each cut-off wall**
(d) **The uplift force on the base of the structure**

**Answers:**
- (a) \( Q = 3.47 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{m}^3/\text{s/m} \)
- (b) \( i_e = 0.35 \)
- (c) \( p_L = 107.6 \, \text{kPa}, \, p_R = 92.9 \, \text{kPa} \)
- (d) \( U \approx 670 \, \text{kN/m} \)

#### Diagram Explanation

The accompanying diagram is a flownet for a dam structure. It represents the flow of water beneath a dam, visualized by a set of equipotential lines and streamlines.

- **Dimensions:**
- The diagram uses a scale where the dimensions are marked in meters.
- The permeability coefficient (\( k \)) is \( 10^{-8} \, \text{m/s} \).

- **Key Features:**
- **Streamlines**: Curved lines representing paths followed by water particles in the flow.
- **Equipotential Lines**: Lines perpendicular to streamlines, indicating points of equal hydraulic head.

- **Flow Conditions:**
- The total head is indicated at a value of 10 meters.
- The cut-off walls are depicted at strategic points to control seepage and impact pressures.
- The diagram shows a change in direction where water infiltrates below the structure and appears to exit downstream.

This diagram and analysis are crucial for understanding the seepage patterns and ensuring the structural integrity against uplift pressures and seepage forces.

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