Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Problem Statement:**
Determine the value of K at 100°C for iodine gas reacting with chlorine gas to produce iodine monochloride.
**Given Data:**
- ΔH° = -28.5 kJ
- ΔS° = 12.5 J/K
**Instructions:**
To solve this problem, you need to calculate the equilibrium constant (K) using the given thermodynamic data at a specified temperature (100°C, which is equivalent to 373 K).
You can use the Gibbs free energy change equation:
\[ \Delta G° = \Delta H° - T\Delta S° \]
Then relate Gibbs free energy to the equilibrium constant:
\[ \Delta G° = -RT \ln(K) \]
Where:
- \( R \) is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K).
- \( T \) is the temperature in Kelvin.
**Steps:**
1. Convert all units for consistency (e.g., convert ΔH° to J).
2. Substitute the values into the equation to find ΔG°.
3. Calculate K using the relationship between ΔG° and K.
**Note:**
Make sure to pay attention to unit conversions and the correct application of temperature in Kelvin.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F48922dd6-b6f8-4fac-84c6-05a7db5750f6%2F4aa5ca43-aa5b-4e4d-bb19-7b9e5a297b62%2Fabps76c_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem Statement:**
Determine the value of K at 100°C for iodine gas reacting with chlorine gas to produce iodine monochloride.
**Given Data:**
- ΔH° = -28.5 kJ
- ΔS° = 12.5 J/K
**Instructions:**
To solve this problem, you need to calculate the equilibrium constant (K) using the given thermodynamic data at a specified temperature (100°C, which is equivalent to 373 K).
You can use the Gibbs free energy change equation:
\[ \Delta G° = \Delta H° - T\Delta S° \]
Then relate Gibbs free energy to the equilibrium constant:
\[ \Delta G° = -RT \ln(K) \]
Where:
- \( R \) is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K).
- \( T \) is the temperature in Kelvin.
**Steps:**
1. Convert all units for consistency (e.g., convert ΔH° to J).
2. Substitute the values into the equation to find ΔG°.
3. Calculate K using the relationship between ΔG° and K.
**Note:**
Make sure to pay attention to unit conversions and the correct application of temperature in Kelvin.
Transcribed Image Text:### Educational Content on Acids and Bases
#### Questions and Answers
**Question 4:** Which term is *not* correctly matched with its description?
- **a.** weak acid / partially ionized
- **b.** salt / cation of an acid, anion of a base
- **c.** strong soluble base / soluble metal hydroxide
- **d.** weak base / accepts H⁺ from an acid
- **e.** strong electrolyte / strong acid, strong base, or soluble salt
**Answer: B** is circled, indicating it is not correctly matched.
**Question 5:** Of the following, which acids are *weak* acids?
- **I.** HF
- **II.** HBr
- **III.** HNO₃
- **IV.** HNO₂
- **V.** H₂CO₃
- **VI.** H₃PO₄
**Options:**
- **a.** I, II, and III
- **b.** I, IV, V, and VI
- **c.** I, II, and V
- **d.** IV, V, and VI
**Answer: B** is circled, indicating the correct answer.
#### Explanation:
The questions are designed to test knowledge of acid and base chemistry.
- In question 4, option **B** indicates that the description of salts being formed by the cation of an acid and the anion of a base is not entirely correct within the context given.
- In question 5, the correct identification of weak acids from the provided list is indicated by the choices selected. Weak acids typically do not completely ionize in solution, which includes HF, HNO₂, H₂CO₃, and H₃PO₄.
This material helps students understand key concepts in chemistry, such as the properties of acids, bases, salts, and electrolytes.
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