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2. Approximately how many chloroplasts are present in each leaf cell? 3. What byproduct of the light reactions (a gas) moves out of the chloroplast? 4 What gas must diffuse into the chloroplast in order for the dark reactions to occur?

2. Approximately how many chloroplasts are present in each leaf cell? 3. What byproduct of the light reactions (a gas) moves out of the chloroplast? 4 What gas must diffuse into the chloroplast in order for the dark reactions to occur?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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2. Approximately how many chloroplasts are present in each leaf cell? 3. What byproduct of the light reactions (a gas) moves out of the chloroplast? 4 5. What gas must diffuse into the chloroplast in order for the dark reactions to occur? a typical Elodea leaf cell and label the cell wall, cytoplasm, and chloroplasts. 2. Plant cells involved with transport Photosynthetic efficiency in large multicellular plants is possible as a result of effective transport mechanisms for both the reactants (carbon dioxide and water) and products (sugars). Water, absorbed by the roots, is conducted throughout the plant by a complex tissue, the xylem. Functional xylem cells are thick-walled and hollow and thus resemble small pipes. Water is pulled through these cells and up the plant by the negative pressure generated as water evaporates from aerial portions of the plant. Much of the water leaves the plant as water vapor via numerous small pores called stomata on the lower leaf surface. Each pore opens and closes as a result of changes in turgor of the surrounding pair of guard cells. The stomata, when open, allow for the diffusion of CO₂ from the atmosphere into the leaf and the diffusion of O₂ (produced during photosynthesis) from the leaf into the atmosphere. If CO₂ is not needed for photosynthesis, the stomata close to prevent excess water loss. These complementary systems facilitate rapid transport of reactants. The products of photosynthesis are usually designated as monosaccharides (C6H1206) and are an integral part of the plant's metabolism. They are used as 99
Transcribed Image Text:2. Approximately how many chloroplasts are present in each leaf cell? 3. What byproduct of the light reactions (a gas) moves out of the chloroplast? 4 5. What gas must diffuse into the chloroplast in order for the dark reactions to occur? a typical Elodea leaf cell and label the cell wall, cytoplasm, and chloroplasts. 2. Plant cells involved with transport Photosynthetic efficiency in large multicellular plants is possible as a result of effective transport mechanisms for both the reactants (carbon dioxide and water) and products (sugars). Water, absorbed by the roots, is conducted throughout the plant by a complex tissue, the xylem. Functional xylem cells are thick-walled and hollow and thus resemble small pipes. Water is pulled through these cells and up the plant by the negative pressure generated as water evaporates from aerial portions of the plant. Much of the water leaves the plant as water vapor via numerous small pores called stomata on the lower leaf surface. Each pore opens and closes as a result of changes in turgor of the surrounding pair of guard cells. The stomata, when open, allow for the diffusion of CO₂ from the atmosphere into the leaf and the diffusion of O₂ (produced during photosynthesis) from the leaf into the atmosphere. If CO₂ is not needed for photosynthesis, the stomata close to prevent excess water loss. These complementary systems facilitate rapid transport of reactants. The products of photosynthesis are usually designated as monosaccharides (C6H1206) and are an integral part of the plant's metabolism. They are used as 99
DARK REACTIONS 6 CO₂ Chemical Energy Enzymes a. Procedures -> C6H12O6 + 6 H₂O The activities in this laboratory exercise include: A. Examination of the cell structures of plants which are involved in photosynthesis and the transport of reactants and products (microscope). B. Separation of the various kinds of plant pigments (paper chromatography). C. Selective absorption of "visible" light by plant pigments (spectrophotometer and spectroscope). D. Effects of light quality on the light reactions of photosynthesis (shown on video). E. Identification of carbon dioxide as the substrate for the dark reactions (phenol red). F. Location of stored sugars (starch) in variegated leaves (leaf clearing demonstration). II. INTRODUCTION A. EXAMINATION OF PLANT CELL STRUCTURES 1. Plant cells involved with photosynthesis Plant cells, active in the process of photosynthesis, contain green spherical cytoplasmic organelles known as chloroplasts. These structures house both the pigments active in light absorption and the enzymes required for both the light and dark reactions. Obtain a young leaf from the tip of a branch of Elodea, a common aquarium plant, and prepare a wet mount of this tissue. Observe the cells under both high and low power. You should be able to locate the cell wall, chloroplasts, and cytoplasm. b. Questions 1. Where is most of the green pigment located in an Elodea leaf cell?
Transcribed Image Text:DARK REACTIONS 6 CO₂ Chemical Energy Enzymes a. Procedures -> C6H12O6 + 6 H₂O The activities in this laboratory exercise include: A. Examination of the cell structures of plants which are involved in photosynthesis and the transport of reactants and products (microscope). B. Separation of the various kinds of plant pigments (paper chromatography). C. Selective absorption of "visible" light by plant pigments (spectrophotometer and spectroscope). D. Effects of light quality on the light reactions of photosynthesis (shown on video). E. Identification of carbon dioxide as the substrate for the dark reactions (phenol red). F. Location of stored sugars (starch) in variegated leaves (leaf clearing demonstration). II. INTRODUCTION A. EXAMINATION OF PLANT CELL STRUCTURES 1. Plant cells involved with photosynthesis Plant cells, active in the process of photosynthesis, contain green spherical cytoplasmic organelles known as chloroplasts. These structures house both the pigments active in light absorption and the enzymes required for both the light and dark reactions. Obtain a young leaf from the tip of a branch of Elodea, a common aquarium plant, and prepare a wet mount of this tissue. Observe the cells under both high and low power. You should be able to locate the cell wall, chloroplasts, and cytoplasm. b. Questions 1. Where is most of the green pigment located in an Elodea leaf cell?
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