2. Active Transport ► to pass across ° Breaking a bond in ATP releases energy •Can molecules from ATP - the "battery" of the cell (against concentration gradient) ▸Example: Like riding a bike uphill CYTOPLASM O 0000000 "1 ▶Two types: 000000 Proton pump b. Endocytosis Endocytosis: cell membrane for molecules 00000 0000 EXTRACELLU FLUID Hº Outside O and packages it in a food Inside Active Transport bring it into the cell Molecule to be carried cytoplasm surrounds a a. Protein Pump °Protein Pumps: cell membrane molecule through and Cell membrane B Endocytosis Phagocytosis Plasma) membrane Pseudopodium solid particle Phagosome (food vacuole) Molecule being carried Energy Pinocytosis Outside Energy Extracellular fluid Inside cytoplasm Vesicle

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.