2. 3. The following antibody screen was performed on a 65 year old male who was hospitalized for a fractured hip. IS 37°C AHG Check Cells 1+ 0 0 2+ 0 2+ 0 2+ 0 2+ Indirect Antibody Screen Patient serum + Screen cell I Patient serum + Screen Cell II Patient serum + Screen Cell III Patient Serum + Patient Cells a. b. Direct Antiglobulin Test Patient Cells Check Cells a. 1+ b. Upon completing of a patient type and screen, it was found the patient has a positive auto control. A DAT on the patient reveals the following results. This patient is not on penicillin. Polvspecific AHG 2+ ΝΑ What is the most likely explanation of these results? And what should the technologists do next to resolve for any underlying alloantibodies? 0 0 1+ What is coating the patient cells? What could possibly cause these results? Anti-IgG 2+ ΝΑ Anti-C3d 2+ ΝΑ
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- 1. What is an antiserum? 2. What are the potency requirements in an antiserum? ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ON LABORATORY ASSAY NO.4 3. What kind of antigen will anti-A detect? Anti-B? 4. Enumerate the common causes of false positive and false negative result in ABO forward grouping? 5. Give the purpose of Blood typing. 6. Cite the biochemical components of the ABO blood group accordingly. 7. Complete the table below Blood type A B 0 AB (positive/pos) for agglutination (negative/neg) for no agglutination Anti-A Anti-B1. What is Du? ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ON LABORATORY ASSAY NO.7 2. Why do we need test for Du when weak or no reaction is obtained in Rh typing? 3. What is required to demonstrate the presence of cells carrying a weak D antigen? 4. Explain the mechanism behind the existence of Dº. 5. Cite possible situations in which an attending physician would request for an emergency screening for the presence of "D" antigen.A patient is O positive and his serum is agglutinating all screening and panel reagent cells at room temperature. His autocontrol is positive at room temperature also. The patient may have an antibody to a high incidence antigen. One possibility is that he may have a clinically insignificant autoanti-I. How could you prove that the patient has an anti-I antibody?
- 1. Why is it necessary to avoid underfilled blood samples in anticoagulant evacuated tubes? 2. Explain the purpose of thixotropic gel in a blood collection tube. 3. What is the rationale behind the sequence of the order of draw? a. Sterile tube (blood culture) b. Blue-top coagulation tube C. Serum tube (glass) with no additive d. Serum tube with clot activator, with or without е. Heparin tube with or without gel plasma separator f. EDTA tube g. Glycolytic inhibitor tube 4. What are the potentially affected tests if an evacuate tube with silica clot activator was filled first before a blue-top coagulation tube?1. What is an antiserum? 2. What are the potency requirements in an antiserum? 3. What kind of antigen will anti-A detect? Anti-B? 4. Enumerate the common causes of false positive and false negative result in ABO forward grouping? 5. Give the purpose of Blood typing. 6. Cite the biochemical components of the ABO blood group accordingly. 7. Complete the table below Blood type A B 0 AB (positive/pos) for agglutination (negative/neg) for no agglutination Anti-A Anti-B2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-022-00692-1 (link to research) a) In the immunohistochemistry section of the materials and methods section the authors wrote “The number of positive cells in hotspot areas in ten high power fields (HPFs) in areas of demyelination and plaques in the brain stem were counted using the image analysis software (Lecia Application Suite Version 4.12.0, Welzlar, Germany).” Why were they looking at demyelination areas for this study? b) In the effect of mitoxantrone on histopathological changes in the brain section of the results section the authors wrote “Active plaques revealed inflammatory cellular infiltrates with abundant macrophages stuffed with myelin debris, an evidence of ongoing myelin breakdown.” What does macrophages stuffed with myelin debris have to do with the study?
- Rheumatoid Factor RF Latex Test RF is a rapid latex agglutination test kit for the detection of rheumatoid factor (RF) in human serum. RF is found in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and is believed to be IgM antibodies directed against the patients own immunoglobulin G. Principle: The RF latex particles are coated with specially purified human gamma globulin. When the latex suspension is mixed with serum containing elevated RF levels on a slide, clear agglutination is seen within 2 minutes. Questions 1. Is Rheumatoid Arthritis an autoimmune disease? 2. Differentiate the different types of Immunoglobulins 3. Differentiate Rheumatoid Arthritis from Gouty Arthritis1. Answer the following: a. What is the significance of the three-dimensional shape (or geometry) of molecules in immunoassay methods? b. What is a radioimmunoassay (RIA) test in your own words.What are the important considerations that you have to remember in antibody screening? What are the important considerations that you have to remember in antibody identification What is the role of antibody screening in pretransfusion compatibility testing?
- explain these as an Immunotherapeutic approach for cancer therapy, 1. MONOLOCAL ANTIBODIES, 2. CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS, 3. CYTOKINES 4. CANCER VACCINES, 5. ADOPTIVE CELL THERAPY ( CAR T- CELL THERAPY) EXPLAIN EACH WITH ALL DETAILS ALL DETAILS NEEDED. I WILL DISLIKE IF IT’s SHORT ANSWER. OTHERWISE I WILL RATE :)Why is a blocking buffer needed while running the immunoblotting of the PDVF membrane? Why is skim milk powder used in these buffers?10. What are the advantages/disadvantages of using a direct immA sample from a 70-year-old Caucasian female was submitted for pretransfusion workup for hip surgery in 1 week. Two units of autologous RBCs were reserved for this patient. Because the physician anticipated the need for additional units, routine compatibility testing procedures were performed. The patient had no history of recent transfusions. Results of the ABO and D phenotypes and antibody screen are in the image. 1. Based on the antibody screen results, what antibody class is demonstrating?2. What is the specificity of this antibody: alloantibody or autoantibody?3. What additional testing should be performed to determine the answer to question 2?