2 um DNA strand Scaffold (a) Metaphase chromosome (b) Metaphase chromosome treated with high salt to remove histone proteins FIGURE 10.18 The importance of histone proteins and scaffolding proteins in the compaction of eukaryotic chromosomes. (a) A metaphase chromosome. (b) A metaphase chromosome following treatment with highly concentrated salt solution to remove the histone proteins. The black arrow on the right points to an elongated strand of DNA. The white arrow on the left points to the scaffold (composed of nonhistone proteins), which anchors the bases of the radial loops. As shown earlier in Figure 10.17d, this scaffold consists of protein filaments.

Q: Briefly present and explain why transcribed RNA is complementary to one strand of DNA.

A: Transcription is the process by which RNA is produced from the DNA template. It is occurs within the…

Q: Write a reaction sequence showing why RNA is more susceptible to nucleophilic attack than DNA

A: One of the differences between RNA and DNA is the sugar that they contain. The DNA has a deoxyribose…

Q: Gene transcription occurs from left to right for gene A and gene B, whereas transcription occurs…

A: Genes are the small portions of the DNA composed of nucleotide bases. These genes are responsible…

Q: Which is the crucial role of base pairing between codon and anticodon

A: The triplet code expresses the genetic information that is transcribed into mRNA. The tRNA translate…

Q: Describe how proteins bind to specific DNA sequences. Discuss the kind of bonds as well as what part…

A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid in which…

Q: Explain how transcription regulators in eukaryotic cells are able to act at a great distance from…

A: DNA is a nucleic acid present in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells.

Q: 36. Which of the following motifs can be found in DNA-binding proteins? a.) helix-loop-helix b.)…

A: Proteins with DNA-binding domains, or DNA-binding enzymes, have a particular or universal attraction…

Q: Which figure shows a chromatin structure that is most likely from a gene that is epigenetically…

A: In epigenetics, gene expression may change without changing the DNA sequence in the form of its…

Q: A person in shock may have pale, cold, and clammy skin and a rapid and weak pulse. What is the role…

A: The autonomic nervous system comprises nerves that innervate the internal organs of the body like…

Q: If you experimentally removed the histones from the cells you are growing in your lab, how would…

A: Histones are extremely basic proteins which are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and are…

Q: Make a list of all components necessary for DNA replication; now explain how these components are…

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: Describe the structure of a nucleosome and explain its importance

A: Nucleosome represents the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in the eukaryotes. in nucleosome…

Q: Consider the following DNA sequence:CATGTGTAGTCTAAAa. Write the sequence of the DNA strand that…

A: Introduction: DNA is a hereditary material that transfers from one generation to another. It is a…

Q: What role oncogenes and tumor suppressors play in transformation.

A: The process through which CELLS acquire cancerous features is known as cancer transformation. This…

Q: List the molecules that must be present for DNA to be transcribed and describe their function in 1-2…

A: Transcription is the process in which RNA is formed from DNA.

Q: Contrast euchromatin and heterochromatin. Then explain how DNA can transition from one to the other.…

A: Chromatin is defined as the complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells. The primary function of…

Q: Draw a picture depicting the binding between the nuclear matrixand a MAR

A: Nuclear matrix is a network of proteins present inside the nucleoplasm which provides structural…

Q: Cells have different types of RNA.  Explain the three major types of RNA, where they are located,…

A: There are mainly 3 types of RNA  mRNA ( Messenger RNA ) rRNA ( Ribosomal RNA )  tRNA ( Transfer…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.