Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
In a DNA strand the
The DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid represent a molecule which carries genetic instructions to produce the next generation. The DNA serves as a genetic material in humans which is present in every cell and passed onto the next generation from parents to their children. A molecule of a DNA has a double helix structure, and each of the helix is made up of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The structure of a DNA looks like a twisted ladder which is made up of a pair of nitrogen bases. There are four major types of nitrogen bases Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine, which pairs following a specific pairing pattern. The strands of DNA are made up of polynucleotides, which has nucleotide as their monomeric units. Both the strands of DNA are held together with the help of hydrogen bonding between the complementary base pairs. The two adjacent nucleotides are linked with each other with the help of a bond called phosphodiester bond. A phosphodiester bond represents a bond which is formed between 5’phosphate of one nucleotide and 3’-OH group of another nucleotide.
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