The image presents a problem involving five different aluminum struts, each with a tube configuration characterized by an outer diameter of 32 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm. These struts are composed of aluminum with a modulus of elasticity, \(E\), of 70 GPa. The task is to determine the critical force, \(P_0\), for each of the support conditions depicted in the diagram. A safety factor of 2.3 is to be used in the calculations.### Diagram Description:1. **Strut (1):** - Features a fixed support at the base and a free end at the top. - The critical force, \(P_0\), is applied downward at the free end. - The length of the strut is 2.0 meters.2. **Strut (2):** - Both ends are hinged, allowing rotation but no lateral movement. - The critical force, \(P_0\), is applied vertically downward at the top.3. **Strut (3):** - Has a fixed support at the base and a hinge at the top, allowing rotation of the upper end. - The critical force, \(P_0\), is applied downward along the strut's axis.4. **Strut (4):** - Both ends are fixed, preventing rotation and lateral movement. - The critical force, \(P_0\), is applied at the top, compressing the strut.5. **Strut (5):** - Similar to strut (3), it has a fixed base and a roller support at the top, allowing lateral movement but no rotational movement. - The load, \(P_0\), is applied vertically downward.Each strut configuration will have unique equations to determine the critical buckling load, taking into account the length, elasticity, and boundary conditions specified.

The outer diameter=32 mmWall thikness= 4mmSo the inner diameter=32-4*2=24 mmLength of the…

2) Each of the five struts below consists of an aluminum tube that has a 32-mm outer diameter and a 4-mm wall thickness. Using E=70 GPa and a safety factor of SF=2.3, determine the critical force, Po, for each support condition below. 2.0 m (1) (2) (3) € (5)

2) Each of the five struts below consists of an aluminum tube that has a 32-mm outer diameter and a 4-mm wall thickness. Using E=70 GPa and a safety factor of SF=2.3, determine the critical force, Po, for each support condition below. 2.0 m (1) (2) (3) € (5)

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Pressure Vessels

The term pressure vessel refers to a closed container that contains gas or liquid at a different pressure than environment pressure. The pressure vessels have a wide scale of applications in our day-to-day lives and other industrial places. Some common examples of pressure vessels are gas cylinders, autoclaves, compressor vessels, etc.

Question

The image presents a problem involving five different aluminum struts, each with a tube configuration characterized by an outer diameter of 32 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm. These struts are composed of aluminum with a modulus of elasticity, \(E\), of 70 GPa. The task is to determine the critical force, \(P_0\), for each of the support conditions depicted in the diagram. A safety factor of 2.3 is to be used in the calculations.

### Diagram Description:

1. **Strut (1):**
- Features a fixed support at the base and a free end at the top.
- The critical force, \(P_0\), is applied downward at the free end.
- The length of the strut is 2.0 meters.

2. **Strut (2):**
- Both ends are hinged, allowing rotation but no lateral movement.
- The critical force, \(P_0\), is applied vertically downward at the top.

3. **Strut (3):**
- Has a fixed support at the base and a hinge at the top, allowing rotation of the upper end.
- The critical force, \(P_0\), is applied downward along the strut's axis.

4. **Strut (4):**
- Both ends are fixed, preventing rotation and lateral movement.
- The critical force, \(P_0\), is applied at the top, compressing the strut.

5. **Strut (5):**
- Similar to strut (3), it has a fixed base and a roller support at the top, allowing lateral movement but no rotational movement.
- The load, \(P_0\), is applied vertically downward.

Each strut configuration will have unique equations to determine the critical buckling load, taking into account the length, elasticity, and boundary conditions specified.

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