2) Concerning the figure below. $. 24 ACC GGGUA - AUG 17 lif UAA A) Which process is being represented? | B) What is the next building block to be added to the growing chain in the figure? To what end of the growing chain will this building block be added? How many building blocks will there be in the chain when it is completed? What other bulding blocks have a known identity? D) What details could you add to this figure that would be different in a eukaryotic cell versus prokaryotic cell?
Proteins
We generally tend to think of proteins only from a dietary lens, as a component of what we eat. However, they are among the most important and abundant organic macromolecules in the human body, with diverse structures and functions. Every cell contains thousands and thousands of proteins, each with specific functions. Some help in the formation of cellular membrane or walls, some help the cell to move, others act as messages or signals and flow seamlessly from one cell to another, carrying information.
Protein Expression
The method by which living organisms synthesize proteins and further modify and regulate them is called protein expression. Protein expression plays a significant role in several types of research and is highly utilized in molecular biology, biochemistry, and protein research laboratories.
Translation is the process by which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum make proteins after the process of converting DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus, as defined by molecular biology and genetics. Gene expression refers to the entire process. In the process of translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded outside the nucleus in a ribosome to create a particular polypeptide or amino acid chain. Later, after folding into a functioning protein, the polypeptide carries out its specific tasks within the cell. By encouraging the binding of complementary tRNA anticodon sequences to mRNA codons, the ribosome makes decoding easier. As the mRNA goes through and is "read" by the ribosome, the tRNAs transport particular amino acids that are strung together into a polypeptide.
Three stages are involved in translation:
1. Initiation: The ribosome forms a protective shell around the target mRNA. At the start codon, the first tRNA is joined.
2. Elongation: The amino acid carried by the latest tRNA accepted by the small ribosomal subunit (accommodation) is transferred to the big ribosomal subunit, which attaches it to one of the admitted tRNAs earlier (transpeptidation). Following this, the ribosome translocate to the following mRNA codon to complete the process and produce an amino acid chain.
3. Termination: The ribosome releases the polypeptide when a stop codon is reached. The next mRNA to be translated is taken up by the ribosomal complex, which is still intact.
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