^2 be pact sub els of a tnc space A. Show NaEA Ka is closed 4. Let {Ka}aea be a collection of compact subsets of a metric space, in X 5. (a) Consider the collection of open sets, {(-n,n)}"=1 in R with the usual metric d(x, y) = |x – y| . Use this collection of open sets to show R is not compact (make sure to prove R = Unej(-n, n) as part of your work). (b) Give an example of a collection of compact sets in R , say {Kn}n=1 such that U=1 Kn is not compact (Hint: consider part (a) ) 6. Let E C X where X is a metric space, Show the limit points of E are the same as the limit

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
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ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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---

### Metric Spaces and Compactness Problems

1. **Let \( x, y \in \mathbb{R} \). Determine if the following are metrics on \( \mathbb{R} \) or not:**
   - (a) \( d_1(x, y) = \sqrt{|x - y|} \)
   - (b) \( d_2(x, y) = (x - y)^4 \)

2. **Let \( E \subseteq X \) where \( X \) is a metric space.** Let \( E^o \) denote all the interior points of \( E \). \( E^o \) is an open set—you don’t have to prove this, but you can use this fact to prove the following:
   - (a) Show \( E \) is open if and only if \( E = E^o \).
   - (b) Show: If \( G \subseteq E \) and \( G \) is open, then \( G \subseteq E^o \).

3. **Let \( K_1 \) and \( K_2 \) be compact subsets of a metric space \( X \).** Show \( K_1 \cup K_2 \) is compact.

4. **Let \( \{K_\alpha\}_{\alpha \in A} \) be a collection of compact subsets of a metric space \( X \).** Show \( \bigcap_{\alpha \in A} K_\alpha \) is closed in \( X \).

5. **(a) Consider the collection of open sets, \( \{(-n, n)\}_{n=1}^\infty \) in \( \mathbb{R} \) with the usual metric \( d(x, y) = |x - y| \).** Use this collection of open sets to show \( \mathbb{R} \) is not compact (make sure to prove \( \mathbb{R} = \bigcup_{n \in \mathbb{N}} (-n, n) \) as part of your work).
   - (b) Give an example of a collection of compact sets in \( \mathbb{R} \), say \( \{K_n\}_{n
Transcribed Image Text:Here is a transcription of the content as it would appear on an educational website, with a detailed explanation of any visual elements: --- ### Metric Spaces and Compactness Problems 1. **Let \( x, y \in \mathbb{R} \). Determine if the following are metrics on \( \mathbb{R} \) or not:** - (a) \( d_1(x, y) = \sqrt{|x - y|} \) - (b) \( d_2(x, y) = (x - y)^4 \) 2. **Let \( E \subseteq X \) where \( X \) is a metric space.** Let \( E^o \) denote all the interior points of \( E \). \( E^o \) is an open set—you don’t have to prove this, but you can use this fact to prove the following: - (a) Show \( E \) is open if and only if \( E = E^o \). - (b) Show: If \( G \subseteq E \) and \( G \) is open, then \( G \subseteq E^o \). 3. **Let \( K_1 \) and \( K_2 \) be compact subsets of a metric space \( X \).** Show \( K_1 \cup K_2 \) is compact. 4. **Let \( \{K_\alpha\}_{\alpha \in A} \) be a collection of compact subsets of a metric space \( X \).** Show \( \bigcap_{\alpha \in A} K_\alpha \) is closed in \( X \). 5. **(a) Consider the collection of open sets, \( \{(-n, n)\}_{n=1}^\infty \) in \( \mathbb{R} \) with the usual metric \( d(x, y) = |x - y| \).** Use this collection of open sets to show \( \mathbb{R} \) is not compact (make sure to prove \( \mathbb{R} = \bigcup_{n \in \mathbb{N}} (-n, n) \) as part of your work). - (b) Give an example of a collection of compact sets in \( \mathbb{R} \), say \( \{K_n\}_{n
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