(2) 5. For each compound, which isomer, cis or trans, is more stable and why? You will need to consider the chair conformations. These are the same compounds as in 4. [1] [e]
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
For each compound, which isomer, cos or trans, is more stable and why? Consider chair confirmations.
![**Title:** Stability of Cis and Trans Isomers in Cyclohexane Derivatives
**Objective:** Determine which isomer (cis or trans) is more stable and explain why by considering the chair conformations.
**Diagram Analysis:**
Three diagrams of cyclohexane derivatives are provided, represented by numbers [3], [2], and [1]. Each diagram illustrates a different substituent arrangement on the cyclohexane ring.
1. **Diagram for Compound [3]:**
- Structure: Cyclohexane ring with two substituents attached.
- Task: Analyze the stability of the cis/trans isomers for this compound.
2. **Diagram for Compound [2]:**
- Structure: Cyclohexane ring with two substituents, different from those in [3].
- Task: Analyze the stability of the cis/trans isomers for this compound.
3. **Diagram for Compound [1]:**
- Structure: Cyclohexane ring with two substituents, different from those in both [3] and [2].
- Task: Analyze the stability of the cis/trans isomers for this compound.
**Key Considerations:**
- **Steric Hindrance:** Cis isomers might have more steric hindrance compared to trans isomers if the substituents are bulky.
- **Equatorial vs Axial Positions:** The stability depends on whether the substituents are in equatorial or axial positions in the chair conformation. Equatorial positions are generally more favorable.
**Questions for Each Compound:**
1. **For Compound [3]:**
- Which isomer (cis/trans) is more stable and why?
- Answer:
2. **For Compound [2]:**
- Which isomer (cis/trans) is more stable and why?
- Answer:
3. **For Compound [1]:**
- Which isomer (cis/trans) is more stable and why?
- Answer:
**Conclusion:**
This exercise requires understanding of chair conformations and factors affecting the stability of cyclic compounds with two substituents. Comparing cis and trans isomers involves evaluating steric factors and the conformational preference of substituents.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1458eeb2-c33f-4ad0-aad7-cbc061754804%2Fef5342ce-02ce-4dcc-8da2-56ea68832d91%2Fzfaw7ss.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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