19. The perchloric acid (HCIO,) molecule contains: (a) 13 lone pairs, la bond, and 4 o bonds. (c) 8 lone pairs, 3 n bonds, and 5 o bonds. (e) 11 lone pairs, no a bonds, and 5 o bonds. (b) 9 lone pairs, no a bonds, and 6 o bonds. (d) 2 lone pairs, 3 n bonds, and 4 o bonds. 20. Which of the following molecular geometries is WRONG? (a) NF3- trigonal planar (d) AsFs- trigonal bipyramidal (c) BF, - trigonal planar (b) H;O- bent (e) SeFs - octahedral
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
general chemistry , please solve question 20 then 19
![1A.Asimate the but of roaction (A0 at 208 K Ror the reaction shown, given the average bond enorgies below.
Brg)+3F(g)-Bel(g)
he bond cnergies of Br-Br 192 kmol, F-F 158 K/mol, Br-F-197 kimol]
(b)-410 kJ
(e)-611 kJ
(d)-665 kJ
(e)-720 kJ
13. Which one of the following violates the octet rule?
(a) PCh
(b) CBra
(e) NF
(d) OF
(e) PCls
14. The correct Lewis structure for nitrogen trichloride has:
(a) 3 N-CI bonds and a total of 10 lone pairs of electrons.
(b) 3 N-CI bonds and a total of 6 lone pairs of elecetrons.
(e)I N-CI bond, 2 N-Cl bonds and 7 and a total of lone pairs of electrons,
(d) 2 N-CI bonds, 1 N-CI bond and a total of 8 lone pairs of electrons.
(e) 3 N-CI bonds and a total of 9 lone pairs of electrons.
15. Consider hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO,). After drawing the correct Lewis structure(s), you would see:
(b) three single bonds around the central carbon atom,
(a) two double bonds around the central carbon atom.
(c) four single bonds around the central carbon atom.
(d) two equivalent resonance forms.
(e) three equivalent resonance forms.
16. Which of these isoelectronic species has the smallest radius?
(b) Sr*
(c) Rb*
(d) Se
(a) Br
(e) They are all the same radius because they have the same number of electrons,
17. A neutral molecule having the general formula AB, has one lone pairs of electrons on A. What is the hybridization
of A?
(b) sp
(c) sp'
(d) sp'd
(e) sp'd
(a) sp
18. Which of the following four molecules are polar: PH3, OF2, HF, SO,?
(a) all except SO;
(b) only HF
(c) only HF and OF2
(d) none of them
(e) all of them
19. The perchloric acid (HCIO,) molecule contains:
(a) 13 lone pairs, 1a bond, and 4 a bonds.
(c) 8 lone pairs, 3 n bonds, and 5 o bonds.
(e) 11 lone pairs, no a bonds, and 5 o bonds.
(b) 9 lone pairs, no z bonds, and 6 o bonds.
(d) 2 lone pairs, 3 n bonds, and 4 o bonds.
20. Which of the following molecular geometries is WRONG?
(a) NF3 - trigonal planar
(d) AsFs - trigonal bipyramidal
(c) BF, - trigonal planar
(b) H2O-bent
(e) SeF. - octahedral
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