18. Which of the following is least susceptible to nucleophilic attack? i A. 19. What is the product of the reaction on the right? H₂C CH3 H₂C OCH₂ B. H₂C A. HO CH3 OCH3 B. محمد H₂C 21. What product is formed from the reaction of NaSH and butenone? A. 1,2-addition product B. 1,4-addition product C. both D. neither H₂C CH₂ 22. Which of the following has the most acidic alpha hydrogen? H₂C по два нова CH3 A. B. C. 23. Which of the following is the aldol condensation product of propanal? bo CH₂ A. B. C. 20. What product is formed from the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide and 3-phenylpropenal? A. 1,2-addition product B. 1,4-addition product C. both D. neither NC NC CN D. excess CH₂OH, H* CH₂ D. H₂C 24. What compound results from the aldol condensation of CH3CO(CH2)2CH(CH3)CH2COCH3? D. OH CH3 H₂CO OCH₂ D.
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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