16S rRNA Phylogeny 2) You are analyzing the evolutionary relationship between six different microorganisms (A-F). You performed phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA B gene and you obtained the phylogenetic trees shown Functional Clustering A on the left: C D a. You perform a functional analysis for gene E beta and organized the microorganisms based on their functional phenotype (see groups to the right). You noticed that Microorganism B does not cluster with its phylogenetic group. ẞ (+) B (-) ACD BEF To solve this enigma, you sequence the chromosomal region surrounding gene beta obtaining the results seen pictorially to the right: Based on these results, what is the most likely explanation for the different phylogenetic and functional clustering for Microorganisms B? (5 points) Sequence Data Microorganisms Chromosomal region surrounding gene ẞ A, C, D- α В B OL BB E, F α What evolutionary mechanisms does this example depict? Explain your answer (10 points)

16S rRNA Phylogeny 2) You are analyzing the evolutionary relationship between six different microorganisms (A-F). You performed phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA B gene and you obtained the phylogenetic trees shown Functional Clustering A on the left: C D a. You perform a functional analysis for gene E beta and organized the microorganisms based on their functional phenotype (see groups to the right). You noticed that Microorganism B does not cluster with its phylogenetic group. ẞ (+) B (-) ACD BEF To solve this enigma, you sequence the chromosomal region surrounding gene beta obtaining the results seen pictorially to the right: Based on these results, what is the most likely explanation for the different phylogenetic and functional clustering for Microorganisms B? (5 points) Sequence Data Microorganisms Chromosomal region surrounding gene ẞ A, C, D- α В B OL BB E, F α What evolutionary mechanisms does this example depict? Explain your answer (10 points)

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10TYK: To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the principles of parsimony to molecular sequence data,...

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What poses a problem to to studying the phylogenetic relationships between bacteria? O The genomes of bacteria are too small to O O study easily with phylogenetics. Lateral gene transfer makes distantly related bacteria look closely related The phylogenies are mismatched due to conjugation if only one gene is studied "Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, so inheritance and evolution are different than eukaryotes." "B,C"
Q. Based on these results, what is the most likely explanation for the different phylogenetic and functional clustering for Microorganisms B? What evolutionary mechanisms does this example depict? Explain your answer.
Carl Woese has recognized that genes encoding rRNAs are excellent candidates for phylogenetic analysis. Identify at least 4 characteristics/properties of these rRNA genes which make them good molecular chronometers.
I. During the past few decades, researchers have been using the 16S rRNA gene, which is a specific gene that is universally carried by all bacteria, to reveal the phylogenetic identities of bacteria. What does the small letter "r" in the "16S rRNA gene" stand for? Use one word to answer the question.
Carl Woese discovered that genes encoded for rRNAs are good candidates for phylogenetic analysis. Determine at least four characteristics/properties of these rRNA genes that make them effective molecular chronometers.
The phylogenetic tree of the OCTN homologs below was generated with the following accession numbers as basis: NP_957143.1 - OCTN of unknown function CDM63451.1 - OCTN specific for ergothioneine transport XP_021324939.1 - OCTN specific for carnitine transport Design the phylogenetic tree to make it look more interesting by highlighting the distinct clades or putting a visual emphasis on the gene you are trying to analyze. Provide a caption for this figure.
The phylogenetic tree of the OCTN homologs below was generated with the following accession numbers as basis: NP_957143.1 - OCTN of unknown function CDM63451.1 - OCTN specific for ergothioneine transport XP_021324939.1 - OCTN specific for carnitine transport Design the phylogenetic tree to make it look more interesting by highlighting the distinct clades or putting a visual emphasis on the gene you are trying to analyze. Provide a caption for this figure. asap please.
What are the 4 characteristics/properties of rRNA genes which make them good molecular chronometers. Why viruses are not found in the tree of life? Why might viable cell cultures be of more use in microbial taxonomy than preserved specimens? Is it possible to provide a formal name for a microorganism that has not been cultivated in isolation? What kind of name might be used if a microorganism is well-characterized but cannot yet be cultivated in isolation?
Draw phylogenetic tree of the given newick format :((A,B,(C,D)),(E,F))
16. Why was ribosomal RNA (rRNA) used to create the first phylogenetic tree? Group of answer choices rRNA is very stable and can survive for billions of years rRNA is found in high abundance in bacteria and eukaryotes but is absent from archaea rRNA sequences are the same in all organisms rRNA is found in all living things allowing it to be a barometer of evolution rRNA mutates rapidly making it a good tool for tracking the mutations
Some organisms that appear very closely related on a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related. Why is this?
Do all the phylogenetictrees below represent thesame relationships (sametopology)? If not, circle thetree(s) that is/are differentand explain why in the spaceto the left.