Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04) 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
1 Essential Ideas 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Composition Of Substances And Solutions 4 Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Geometry 8 Advanced Theories Of Covalent Bonding 9 Gases 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Solutions And Colloids 12 Kinetics 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 14 Acid-base Equilibria 15 Equilibria Of Other Reaction Classes 16 Thermodynamics 17 Electrochemistry 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, And Nonmetals 19 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter4: Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1E: What does it mean to say an equation is balanced? Why is it important for an equation to be... Problem 2E: Consider molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations. (a) What is the difference between... Problem 3E: Balance the following equations: (a) PCl5(s)+H2O(l)POCl3(l)+HCl(aq) (b) Cu(s)+HNO3(aq)Cu(... Problem 4E: Balance the following equations: (a) Ag(s)+H2S(g)+O2(g)Ag2S(s)+H2O(l) (b) P4(s)+O2(g)P4O10(s) (c)... Problem 5E: Write a balanced molecular equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. (a) Solid... Problem 6E: Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. (a) Solid potassium... Problem 7E: Colorful fireworks often involve the decomposition of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate and the... Problem 8E: Fill in the blank with a single chemical formula for a covalent compound that will balance the... Problem 9E: Aqueous hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid) is used to etch glass and to analyze minerals for... Problem 10E: A novel process for obtaining magnesium from sea water involves several reactions. Write a balanced... Problem 11E: From the balanced molecular equations, write the complete ionic and net ionic equations for the... Problem 12E: Use the following equations to answer the next four questions: H2O(s)H2O(l)... Problem 13E: Indicate what type, or types, of reaction each of the following represents: (a) Ca(s)+Br2(l)CaBr2(s)... Problem 14E: Indicate what type, or types, of reaction each of the following represents: (a)... Problem 15E: Silver can be separated from gold because silver dissolves in nitric acid while gold does not. Is... Problem 16E: Determine the oxidation states of the elements in the following compounds: (a) Nal (b) GdCl3 (c)... Problem 17E: Determine the oxidation states of the elements in the compounds listed. None of the... Problem 18E: Determine the oxidation states of the elements in the compounds listed. None of the... Problem 19E: Classify the following as acid-base reactions or oxidation-reduction reactions: (a)... Problem 20E: Identify the atoms that are oxidized and reduced, the change in oxidation state for each, and the... Problem 21E: Complete and balance the following acid-base equations: (a) HCl gas reacts with solid Ca(OH)2(s).... Problem 22E: Complete and balance the following acid-base equations: (a) A solution of HClO4 is added to a... Problem 23E: Complete and balance the following oxidation-reduction reactions, which give the highest possible... Problem 24E: Complete and balance the following oxidation-reduction reactions, which give the highest possible... Problem 25E: Complete and balance the equations for the following acid-base neutralization reactions. If water is... Problem 26E: When heated to 700—800 C, diamonds, which are pure carbon, are oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. (They... Problem 27E: The military has experimented with lasers that produce very intense light when fluorine combines... Problem 28E: Write the molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations for the following reactions: (a)... Problem 29E: Great Lakes Chemical Company produces bromine, Br2, from bromide salts such as NaBr, in Arkansas... Problem 30E: In a common experiment in the general chemistry laboratory, magnesium metal is heated in air to... Problem 31E: Lithium hydroxide may be used to absorb carbon dioxide in enclosed environments, such as manned... Problem 32E: Calcium propionate is sometimes added to bread to retard spoilage. This compound can be prepared by... Problem 33E: Complete and balance the equations of the following reactions, each of which could be used to remove... Problem 34E: Copper(II) sulfide is oxidized by molecular oxygen to produce gaseous sulfur trioxide and solid... Problem 35E: Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions used to prepare each of the following compounds... Problem 36E: Calcium cyclamate Ca(C6H 11 NHSO3)2 is an artificial sweetener used in many countries around the... Problem 37E: Complete and balance each of the following half-reactions (steps 2—5 in half-reaction method): (a)... Problem 38E: Complete and balance each of the following half-reactions (steps 25 in half-reaction method): (a)... Problem 39E: Balance each of the following equations according to the half-reaction method: (a)... Problem 40E: Balance each of the following equations according to the half-reaction method: (a)... Problem 41E: Balance each of the following equations according to the half-reaction method: (a)... Problem 42E: Write the balanced equation, then outline the steps necessary to determine the information requested... Problem 43E: Write the balanced equation, then outline the steps necessary to determine the information requested... Problem 44E: Write the balanced equation, then outline the steps necessary to determine the information requested... Problem 45E: Write the balanced equation, then outline the steps necessary to determine the information requested... Problem 46E: H2 is produced by the reaction of 118.5 mL of a 0.8775-M solution of H3PO4 according to the... Problem 47E: Gallium chloride is formed by the reaction of 2.6 L of a 1.44 M solution of HCl according to the... Problem 48E: I2 is produced by the reaction of 0.4235 mol of CuCl2 according to the following equation:... Problem 49E: Silver is often extracted from ores such as K[Ag(CN)2] and then recovered by the reaction... Problem 50E: What mass of silver oxide, Ag2O, is required to produce 25.0 g of silver sulfadiazine, AgC10H9N4SO2,... Problem 51E: Carborundum is silicon carbide, SiC, a very hard material used as an abrasive on sandpaper and in... Problem 52E: Automotive air bags inflate when a sample of sodium azide, NaN3, is very rapidly decomposed.... Problem 53E: Urea, CO( NH2)2, is manufactured on a large scale for use in producing urea-formaldehyde plastics... Problem 54E: In an accident, a solution containing 2.5 kg of nitric acid was spilled. Two kilograms of Na2CO3 was... Problem 55E: A compact car gets 37.5 miles per gallon on the highway. If gasoline contains 84.2% carbon by mass... Problem 56E: What volume of 0.750 M hydrochloric acid solution can be prepared from the HCl produced by the... Problem 57E: What volume of a 0.2089 M Kl solution contains enough KI to react exactly with the Cu( NO3)2 in... Problem 58E: A mordant is a substance that combines with a dye to produce a stable fixed color in a dyed fabric.... Problem 59E: The toxic pigment called white lead, Pb3(OH)2( CO3)2, has been replaced in white paints by rutile,... Problem 60E: The following quantities are placed in a container: 1.51024 atoms of hydrogen, 1.0 mol of sulfur,... Problem 61E: What is the limiting reactant in a reaction that produces sodium chloride from 8 g of sodium and 8 g... Problem 62E: Which of the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory explains why we can calculate a theoretical yield... Problem 63E: A student isolated 25 g of a compound following a procedure that would theoretically yield 81 g.... Problem 64E: A sample of 0.53 g of carbon dioxide was obtained by heating 1.31 g of calcium carbonate. What is... Problem 65E: Freon-12, CCl2F2, is prepared from CCl4 by reaction with HF. The other product of this reaction is... Problem 66E: Citric acid, C6H5CH3, a component of jams, jellies, and fruity soft drinks, is prepared industrially... Problem 67E: Toluene, C6H5CH3, is oxidized by air under carefully controlled conditions to benzoic acid,... Problem 68E: In a laboratory experiment, the reaction of 3.0 mol of H2 with 2.0 mol of I2 produced 1.0 mol of HI.... Problem 69E: Outline the steps needed to solve the following problem, then do the calculations. Ether, (C2H5)2O,... Problem 70E: Outline the steps needed to determine the limiting reactant when 30.0 g of propane, C3H8, is burned... Problem 71E: Outline the steps needed to determine the limiting reactant when 0.50 mol of Cr and 0.75 mol of... Problem 72E: What is the limiting reactant when 1.50 g of lithium and 1.50 g of nitrogen combine to form lithium... Problem 73E: Uranium can be isolated from its ores by dissolving it as UO2( NO3)2, then separating it as solid... Problem 74E: How many molecules of C2H4Cl2 can be prepared from 15C2H4 molecules and 8Cl2 molecules? Problem 75E: How many molecules of the sweetener saccharin can be prepared from 30 C atoms, 25 H atoms, 12 0... Problem 76E: The phosphorus pentoxide used to produce phosphoric acid for cola soft drinks is prepared by burning... Problem 77E: Would you agree to buy 1 trillion (1,000,000,000,000) gold atoms for $5? Explain why or why not.... Problem 78E: What volume of 0.0105-M HBr solution is required to titrate 125 mL of a 0.0100-M Ca(OH)2 solution?... Problem 79E: Titration of a 20.0-mL sample of acid rain required 1.7 mL of 0.08 11 M NaOH to reach the end point.... Problem 80E: What is the concentration of NaCl in a solution if titration of 15.00 mL of the solution with 0.2503... Problem 81E: In a common medical laboratory determination of the concentration of free chloride ion in blood... Problem 82E: Potatoes can be peeled commercially by soaking them in a 3-M to 6-M solution of sodium hydroxide,... Problem 83E: A sample of gallium bromide, GaBr3, weighing 0. 165 g was dissolved in water and treated with silver... Problem 84E: The principal component of mothballs is naphthalene, a compound with a molecular mass of about 130... Problem 85E: A 0.025-g sample of a compound composed of boron and hydrogen, with a molecular mass of ~28 amu,... Problem 86E: Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), NaHCO3, can be purified by dissolving it in hot water (60 C),... Problem 87E: What volume of 0.600 M HCl is required to react completely with 2.50 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate?... Problem 88E: What volume of 0.08892 M HNO3 is required to react completely with 0.2352 g of potassium hydrogen... Problem 89E: What volume of a 0.3300-M solution of sodium hydroxide would be required to titrate 15.00 mL of... Problem 90E: What volume of a 0.00945-M solution of potassium hydroxide would be required to titrate 50.00 mL of... Problem 91E: A sample of solid calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is allowed to stand in water until a saturated... Problem 92E: What mass of Ca(OH)2 will react with 25.0 g of butanoic to form the preservative calcium butanoate... Problem 93E: How many milliliters of a 0.1500-M solution of KOH will be required to titrate 40.00 mL of a... Problem 94E: Potassium acid phthalate, KNaC8H4O4, or KHP, is used in many laboratories, including general... Problem 95E: The reaction of WCl6 with Al at ~400 C gives black crystals of a compound containing only tungsten... Problem 22E: Complete and balance the following acid-base equations: (a) A solution of HClO4 is added to a...
Related questions
Concept explainers
16.
A base is
a) . is a solid that settles out of solution.
b) is a substance that produces H+ in aqueous solution
c) gains electrons in a chemical reaction .
d) is a substance that produces OH- in aqueous solution
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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