14. You are studying two strains of C. diptheriae and find that one strain is fully capable of causing diptheria while the other can colonize the host but cannot cause disease: A. Explain the most likely difference of the two strains. B. Describe the mechanism of action in the disease-causing strain.

Q: What is the function of the mitochondria?  What is the relationship between ATP and ADP? Why is…

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide made up of adenine base, ribose sugar, and three…

Q: 3. Draw a simple phospholipid bilayer. Label the areas of the membrane that are hydrophobic and…

A: Please send the rest part to be solved as per our guidelines we are supposed to solve 2 parts.

Q: 1. You have been hired by a company that is working on a diagnostic test to determine if patients…

A: A member of the Flaviviridae virus family is the zika virus. The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne…

Q: 40. Which of the following is not bacteriocidal? a. rifampin b. tetracycline c. lytic bacteriophages…

A: Antibiotics can be broadly  classified  into two major groups. They are bacteriostatic and…

Q: 8. To observe bacteriophage in a lab, you would plate dilutions of the phage onto lawns of bacte-…

A: The plaque examine depends on consolidation of host cells, specially in log-stage development, into…

Q: For viral pathogenesis, the incubation period

A: It is option a.

Q: 25. Cut-and-paste transposition refers to: The mode of transposition of DNA transposons b. The mode…

A: DNA transposons are genetic tools that can be used to introduce a piece of foreign DNA into a…

Q: 1. What is a vector? What is a vectorborne disease? Can you give some examples of each?

A: In biology a vector refers to any organism or agent that transmits a pathogen such as a virus or…

Q: 6. Variations of the plaque assay can be used to determine the number of animal viruses from a…

A: There are few points about Plaque assay : When treated with the lawn of susceptible cells , a…

Q: 20. Viroids and prions: a. Compare viroids and prions in terms of structure and host.b. Describe how…

A: Viroids and prions are infectious agents.  These particles replicate in the host cell with the help…

Q: How is the uk government limiting the spread of covid 19,evaluate the measures it has put into place…

A: People are asked to stay home as much as possible and avoid crowded places to follow social…

Q: 9). E. coli strain B was coinfected with two phage strains: one having a large clear plaque (hr)…

A: No, you do not need the rule of 2 in this case.The rule of 2 applies when analyzing a single cross…

Q: 4). You perform a complementation test using seven mutants of phage T4. All mutants grow on E. coli…

A: Complementation test is performed in genetics to identify the number of genes among a group of…

Q: 24. The blood agar reaction above is caused by A. nucleases B. a type of AB toxin C. streptolysin D.…

A: Blood agar may be a commonly utilized medium for refined microbes, especially those that cause…

Q: 13) The end product in case of DNA polymerase during the Lumpy skin disease virus replication is :…

A: The lumpy skin disease is caused by the virus capripox and in this disease the cartels get infected.

Q: 3. Predict how mutations in the gene that encodes the spike protein might affect the types of cells…

A: The spike protein is a component of many different types of viruses, including corona viruses such…

Q: 5) The RNA polymerase (DDRP), one option is incorrect : a. Can work to produce the genomic RNA of…

A: B answer is incorrect.

Q: 1. Which of the follovwing is NOT considered CPE caused by virus infection? A. Cytolysis B. Electron…

A: Viruses: These are non -cellular ,simple microbes having one or more molecule of DNA and RNA…

Q: The enzyme hydrolase is critical for which of the stages to occur as a consequence of a…

A: The phages are viruses that are also called as bacteriophage that infects bacteria. Most of the…

Q: The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors…

A: Disease biology is a vast area that deals with the emergence and spread of an infectious disease.…

Q: Attenuation is problematic in viral studies when: a) Strains lose virulence, and thus their…

A: Attenuation is the process of weakening a disease-causing virus in a laboratory so that it can no…

Q: 2.1. Explain the characteristics of bacteria and viruses that make them pathogens Explain how…

A: Additional explanation:Pathogenic bacteria and viruses pose significant threats to human health,…

Q: 9. Which of the following statements about influenza A virus is not correct? A. They have…

A: Influenza a virus can cause life threatening complications.

Q: 33. A strain of Salmonella that is defective in SPI-2/T3S genes will fail to A. be taken up by the…

A: *Salmonella SPI-2/T3S genes are in charge of the type III secretion system, which allows the…

Q: 1. List the sequences of events in lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral infections . 2. Which…

A: 1. The life cycle of the bacteriophages has been a good model for understanding how the viruses will…

Q: The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors…

A: The disease triangle a tool for understanding how infectious diseases occur in populations and how…

Health Epidemiology

Health is an essential factor for all human beings. For all humans, health is a critical factor. An individual's ability to meet life's challenges and retain his or her capacity for optimal functioning is reflected in his or her condition of health. This needs the physical, mental, and biological parts of one's constitution to maintain a degree of functioning that has a favorable influence and support for one another.