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- 8. Which of thr following occur(s) during hypoxemia? A. Increased ventilation B. Increased production of 2.3-DPG C. Increased production of erythropoietin D. All of the choices 1. Explain why a person with ketoacidosis may hyperventilate. What benefit might this provide? 2. Using a flowchart, explain how a rise in blood PCO2 stimulates breathing. Include both the central and peripheral chemoreceptors in your answer.1. which of the following structutre controls heart rate monitoring conceratration of co2 and o2 ? a. ) barorecptor b. vagus nerve c. chemorecetors d. autorhythmic cell 2. ) when you taking blood pressure one collapes the brachial artery and then reduces presure in the cuff . As blood begins to flow again one writes down that pressure which represent ? a. systolic pressure b. aortic pressure flow c. diastolic pressure d. vavle pressure1. Pülimonary velns m. Left atrium 4. Fill in the blanks (4 points each) a. The valve is also known as the mitral valve. b. One-way flow of blood from the right ventricle is ensured by the presence of the valve. c. Mitral valve prolapse, which is,abnormal, may allow blood to enter the d. The is a muscular wall between the left and right ventricles. e. The is the name of the sac that surrounds the heart f. The bulk of the heart rests on the side of the body. g. The following chambers of the heart function to receive blood from the veins: and h. The is the largest artery of the human body. 5. What function does the adipose tissue surrounding the heart serve? (8 points)
- 1. it is used to selectively bind K+ causing an impedance change that can be correlated to K concentration a. Chloridometer b. Valincomycin membrane c. none of these d. All of these 2. A. electrolyte exchange between serum and erythrocyte causes falsely low chloride determination B. hemoglobin @200 mg/dL and bilirubin @ 20 mg/dL causes calcium determination falsely increase value a. A an B is incorrect b. A is correct B is incorrect c. A and B are correct d. A in incorrect and B is correcte, All of the above are correct. 37. During circulatory shock all of the following would occur EXCEPT a. vasoconstriction of peripheral vasculature b. impaired cellular metabolsim mitochondrial activity increased d. increased formation of free radicals 38. Manifestations of weight gain due to peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, abdominal pain, and anorexia suggest the presence of Aright-sided heart failure 6. left-sided heart failure C. Systolic failure d. None of the above is correct. C.Peripheral chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies and central chemoreceptors respond to changes in which of the following physiologic parameters? A. H+ alone B. PO2 alone C. H+, PCO2 and PO2 D. PCO2 alone E. Both H+ and PCO2 Which of the following hormones is produced in the hypothalamus and is responsible for stimulating the pituitary gland to release gonadotropins? A. FSH B. Estrogen C. GnRH D. Progesterone E. LH
- I. MULTIPLE CHOICE1. Resistive vessels of the circulatory system areA. Large arteries C. Small arteries and arteriolesB. Large veins D. Small veins and venules2. The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure areA. Large arteries B. Small arteries C. Veins D. Capillaries3. A person with a blood pressure of 135/75 has a pulse pressure ofA. 60 B. 80 C. 105 D. 2104. Sympathetic impulses to the smooth muscles in the walls of arteries and arterioles produceA. Vasodilation only C. Vasomotor inhibitionB. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction D. Arteriosclerosis5. Substances exchanged at the capillary level move through the capillary walls byA. Diffusion B. Filtration C. Osmosis D. Active transport6. In the measurement of blood pressure, the cuff of the sphygmomanometer usually surroundsA. The radial artery C. The brachiocephalic arteryB. The dorsalis pedis artery D. The brachial artery7.…30. Which of the following sentences is NOI true? A. Decreased blood oxygen levels triggers erythropoietin release B. albumin is the most abundant plasma protein? C. glucose is transported in blood dissolved in plasma D. angiotensin II can cause vasoconstriction E. leptin increases sensation of hunger. 31. presents in blood vessel's ECM that provide(s) the tensile strength required to withstand pressure A. Gap junctions B. Elastin C. Collagen D. Hemoglobin E. Albumin. 32. ....................surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers A. Neurium B. Perineurium C. Epineurium D. Endoneurium E. None of the above. 33. Which of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. Cancellous bone (trabecular) is spongy bone B. White fibers make up fast-twitch muscle C. Muscle spindle is a type of receptor that detects muscle length D. Exocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream E. When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron, every muscle cell of the motor unit is…8. Even though it is trivial that Beta Blockers might have negative inotropic effect on the heart, but they improve the overall heart function in heart failure at the end and used for this condition, because: a. They decrease reflex overload of the heart b. They inhibit RAAS system c. They decrease after load d. They slow electrical conduction of SA and AV nodes which increases the filling time of the ventricles which improves extraction fraction in HFFEF e. All of the above
- 13. A patient undergoing an exercise stress test is found to exhibit higher PaO₂ during exercise than before exercise. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for an increase in PO₂ during exercise? A. Decreased PACO₂ due to hyperpnea. 2 B? Decreased V/Q mismatching and PVR due to distension and recruitment of blood vessels C. Increased PÃO₂ due to decreased respiratory exchange ratio 2 D. Increased PÃO₂ due to increased respiratory exchange ratio. The lead II potential difference of an ECG machine is shown below: Lead Il voltage (m V) B. Contraction of the ventricles C. Repolarization of ventricles D. Repolarization of atrium 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 Q a) Match the regions (Red, Green, Blue) with the functiontions. A. Contraction of the atria S beats per minute 0.5 1.0 1.5 t (s) b) Estimate the heart rate (beats per min) corresponding to the ECG above given that one heart beat takes 0.75s.30. Antagonists are compound that a. Prevent synthesis of new receptors b. Prevents synthesis of hormones c. Bind to receptor, activating it d. Bind to a receptor, but do not activate it e. More than one answer is correct 33. When a hormone binds to an extracellular receptor, a. DNA produces mRNA b. The receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close c. The cell's response is faster than when a hormone binds to an intracellular receptor d. Answer a and b e. Answer b and c 38.A a. Fibrinogen clot is formed during the process of coagulation b. Fibrin c. Prothrombin d. Thromboplastin e. Thrombin 41. Electric signals move through the mammalian heart in a particular order. Which order is correct? a. SA node == AV node == atrial muscle == bundle of His = purkinje fibers 3%3D %3D%3D ventricular muscle b. SA node == atrial muscle == AV node == bundle of His = ventricular muscle = 3%3D %3%3D purkinje fibers c. SA node== atrial muscle==ventricular muscle== AV node == bundle of His…