14 12 10 - 8 4 2 10 20 30 40 50 Volume of acid added (mL) Hd

Chemistry
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Titration Curve Analysis**

This graph represents a titration curve illustrating the relationship between pH and the volume of acid added, measured in milliliters (mL). The x-axis denotes the volume of acid added, ranging from 0 to 50 mL, while the y-axis represents the pH level, ranging from 0 to 14.

**Description of the Curve:**

- **Initial pH:** The curve starts at a high pH around 12, indicating the solution is initially basic.
- **Buffer Region:** As acid is gradually added, the pH slightly decreases until around 20 mL, showing a relatively gentle slope. This region often indicates a buffer zone where the solution resists changes in pH.
- **Equivalence Point:** A sharp drop in pH is observed between 20 and 30 mL, indicating the equivalence point where the amount of acid equals the amount of base present in the solution. This dramatic decrease in pH signifies a rapid change from a basic to an acidic environment.
- **Post-Equivalence Region:** After the sharp drop, additional acid causes the pH to level off around 2, suggesting further addition of acid does not significantly impact the pH. This region represents an excess of acid in the solution.

**Educational Insight:**

This titration curve is typical of a strong base being titrated with a strong acid. The curve is useful for studying acid-base reactions and determining the equivalence point in titration experiments.
Transcribed Image Text:**Titration Curve Analysis** This graph represents a titration curve illustrating the relationship between pH and the volume of acid added, measured in milliliters (mL). The x-axis denotes the volume of acid added, ranging from 0 to 50 mL, while the y-axis represents the pH level, ranging from 0 to 14. **Description of the Curve:** - **Initial pH:** The curve starts at a high pH around 12, indicating the solution is initially basic. - **Buffer Region:** As acid is gradually added, the pH slightly decreases until around 20 mL, showing a relatively gentle slope. This region often indicates a buffer zone where the solution resists changes in pH. - **Equivalence Point:** A sharp drop in pH is observed between 20 and 30 mL, indicating the equivalence point where the amount of acid equals the amount of base present in the solution. This dramatic decrease in pH signifies a rapid change from a basic to an acidic environment. - **Post-Equivalence Region:** After the sharp drop, additional acid causes the pH to level off around 2, suggesting further addition of acid does not significantly impact the pH. This region represents an excess of acid in the solution. **Educational Insight:** This titration curve is typical of a strong base being titrated with a strong acid. The curve is useful for studying acid-base reactions and determining the equivalence point in titration experiments.
**Question:**

At what volume of added acid is the pH calculated by working an equilibrium problem based on the concentration and \( K_a \) of the conjugate acid?

**Instruction:**

Express the volume in milliliters as an integer.

**Input Box:**

- Label: \( V = \) 
- Units: mL (milliliters)

**Controls:**

- Expression Input Tool
- Undo and Redo Buttons
- Reset Button
- Help Button

**Task:**

Determine and enter the volume of added acid in the provided input box. Express your answer as an integer in milliliters.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** At what volume of added acid is the pH calculated by working an equilibrium problem based on the concentration and \( K_a \) of the conjugate acid? **Instruction:** Express the volume in milliliters as an integer. **Input Box:** - Label: \( V = \) - Units: mL (milliliters) **Controls:** - Expression Input Tool - Undo and Redo Buttons - Reset Button - Help Button **Task:** Determine and enter the volume of added acid in the provided input box. Express your answer as an integer in milliliters.
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