12.37 Figure P 12.37 shows a group pile in clay. Determine the consolidation settlement of the group. Use the 2:1 method to estimate the average effective stress in the clay layers. 1335 KN 3m 3 m 18 m 5 m 3 m 2.75 m X 2.75 m Group plan Groundwater table 15 m Rock Sand y = 15.72 kN/m³ Sand Ysat = 18.55 kN/m³ Normally consolidated clay Ysat = 19.18 kN/m³ € = 0.8 C=0.8 Normally consolidated clay Ysat = 18.08 kN/m³ € = 1.0 C = 0.31 Normally consolidated clay Ysat = 19.5 kN/m³ € = 0.7 Cc = 0.26

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Highway Drainage

Highway drainage is the process of extracting and regulating the excess surface water on the pavement by giving the desired slope. The construction of a highway drain helps to divert the water present on the surface, and sub-grade by the means of slope. Highway drainage systems are a necessary part of smooth functioning of traffic, since the highway drainage systems provide proper disposal of unwanted substances from the highways.