12. What can increase one's CO? What could decrease it? What can increase one's HR? What could decrease it?
Heart Production:
The activity of the heart can be measured to provide statistics on its health and performance.
Cardiac output (CO), which is the amount of blood expelled per minute by the left ventricle, is one important feature of the heart rate.
- Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke length.
- Heart rate (HR) is defined as the number of heart that beats in one minute.
- Stroke volume (SV), which is measured in milliliters, is the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle during a pulse.
Equation: By combining the pulse rate and volume of the stroke, cardiac output is determined.
Average Values: The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle is the cardiac output. With in the left and right ventricles, the volume of blood is nearly about 70 to 75 mL that shows it is the same. The cardiac output is 5.25 L/min, considering this stroke volume and a typical heart beat of 70 beats per minute.
Relationships:
Cardiac output may be reduced by a reduction in heart rate or stroke length. Cardiac output is more likely to increase as the heart rate or stroke volume rises.
Internal Factors that Affect the Increase or Decrease Cardiac Output and Heart Rate are:
Blood Volume Reflexes:
The atrial reflex and the ventricular reflex changes when the blood volume changes.
Atrial Reflex:
An increase in venous return to the heart causes the atrial reflex, also referred to as the right heart reflex or Bainbridge reflex. In the superior and inferior vena cavae, baroreceptors sense changes in pressure and send impulses to the SA node, increasing the heart rate.
Ventricular Reflex:
Whereas heart rate is affected by the atrial reflex, stroke volume is affected by the ventricular reflex.
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