12. Use the classical model of a closed economy to predict how each of the following shocksshould affect a nation's real aggregate income (Y), national saving (S), investment (1I), andinterest rate (r). Be sure in each case to clearly state your predicted direction of change (up,down, or no change) for all four variables and illustrate your predictions for S, I and r with asupply/demand diagram for the loanable funds market.a. The size of the labor force shrinks (L decreases)b. Technological innovation increases total factor productivity (A increases)c. The government cuts taxes (T decreases)d. Autonomous investment (io) decreases.

Classical closed model is known as a basic model of employment and output determination. It is…

Answered: 12. Use the classical model of a closed…

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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1. Consider the following simple Keynesian model, (i) Rewrite the model into matrix form with Y, C and I as endogenous variables and Go and i as exogenous variables. (The coefficient matrix must be a 3 by 3 matrix.) Y=C+I+Go C = 200+ 0.8Y I= 1000-2000 (ii) Compute the equilibria Y*, C* and I* as functions of Go and i using Cramer's rule. 8Y* (iii) Find and di ƏY* ƏGo (iv) Give an economic interpretation of national income? ƏY* " ƏGo what should the government do if it wants to raise
2. Suppose that a representative household is part of a two-period economy, with a commodity and a credit market. He holds no initial assets (bonds or money) and no final assets, by the end of the second period. Assume that, for some exogenous reason, the price level decreases at the beginning of period one, before consumption and labor effort decisions are made. This drop is expected to last forever. a) Do you expect this change to yield any real effect? More exactly, are real aggregate output demand (through consumption) or supply (through labor effort) affected? Explain why or why not. b) Imagine now that this household leaves a bequest to the next generation. As a result, a decision is made to hold a fixed real value of bonds (b2/P) by the end of the second period. These will be paid to the children of the household. Under these conditions, will there be any impact from the price level change over the individual consumption and labor effort choices of the representative household…
3. Assume that production function is Cobb- Douglas type, namely Yi = zika i N 1-a i (1) where i = 0, 1 indicates the two periods of the model. Derive the formula for the investment demand given the model parameters and other endogenous variables, like real wage and employment. Calculate al ad . How does the depreciation rate influence investment? Explain
3. Most global markets have been reporting severe contractions, which mainly responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. The situation is worsened by the decrease in people’s confidence in the government as policymakers, spreading a wave of pessimism towards the future prospect of the economy. Explain how such wave of pessimism, ceteris paribus, may lead to short-term economic fluctuations, which will eventually work to push the economy back towards its long-run equilibrium. Use relevant diagrams to support your answer.
10. Which of the following are reasons why the short-run Aggregate Supply curve shown in the right-hand diagrams may be vertical? a) The economy at this level of real GDP would be operating beyond the full-employmetn level. b) Inflationary expectations have set-in so, the owners of resources are acting on these inflationary expectations and insisting on higher resource prices in anticipation of future products price inflation. c) Short-run Aggregate Suply in the Classical model is always constant. d) All the above e) Only (a) and (b) are true. f) None of the above.
10. Consider a one-period economy which experiences the destruction of some of the nation's capital stock (say through a hurricane is de- stroyed). How should this effect equilibrium, consumption, output and labor supply? Now, let's say the government tries to offset some of the declines in capital on output and hours worked by increasing govern- ment spending. What is the likely outcome of this policy intervention in terms of consumption?
QUESTION 2 Consider the closed-economy market-clearing model. Assume that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. Tax revenue decreases by $5 billion, while output and government spending remain the same (a) Calculate the dollar change in consumption. (b) Calculate the dollar change in national saving. (c) Does the equilibrium real interest rate increase, decrease, or stay the same? n toolhar nress ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).
Please help me with this question wih explanantion.
4. Consider the real intertemporal model with investment. A war breaks out that is widely expected to last only one year. a) Determine the shock in the economy to model a short war. b) Determine the new equilibrium for aggregate output, employment, wage, and interest rate and carefully explain your results. Show this in your diagram.
1. How many recessions did the US economy experience between 1929 and 2020? What were the four longest recessions between 1929 and 2019, not including the COVID-19 recession? What were the three deepest recessions between 1929 and 2019? That is, during which three recessions was the decline in real GDP biggest from peak to through? How long did the COVID-19 recession last?
2
2. Consider the IS-LM model derived in class. Suppose the economy of Economica is initially at the general equilibrium. This year, Economica's economy is hit by a negative oil price shock, i.e., oil prices in Economica increase dramatically. a. Explain and show graphically how an oil price shock affects the labor, goods, or the asset market b. Explain and show graphically how an oil price shock affects the short-run equilibrium in the IS-LM model c. Explain and show graphically how an oil price shock affects the general (long-run) equilibrium in the IS-LM model

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