12. During 2020, Thor Lab supplied hospitals with a comprehensive diagnostic kit for P1,200. At a volume of 8,000 kits, Thor had fixed costs of P1,000,000 and a profit before income taxes of P200,000. Due to an adverse legal decision, Thor's 2021 liability insurance increased by P1,200,000 over 2020. Assuming the volume and other costs are unchanged, what should the 2021 price be if Thor is to make the same P200,000 profit before income taxes? c. P1,500 d. P2,400 a. P1,200 e. None of these; b. P1,350 answer is
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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