12. Classify each of the following compounds as reducing or non-reducing sugars: (3 Н НО OH OH OH OH H H I ОН ОН Н OH ОН H но- Н- но- H- COOH 13. Draw the open or acyclic chain for the D-sugar shown below. CH2OH -H OH H OH COOH II НО Н- НО Н- CHO -H OH -н -ОН COOH III
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
![OH
Н
CH₂OH
ОН
HO-
ОН
I
OH
О
H
OH
H
ОН
0.
ОН
ОН
OH
Н
ОН
12. Classify each of the following compounds as reducing or non-reducing sugars: (3 pts))
OH OH
CHO
ОН
CH₂OH
H
ОН
II
0
ОН
OCH₂CH3
но-
Н-
но-
Н-
13. Draw the open or acyclic chain for the D-sugar shown below.
CH₂OH
COOH
-H
-ОН
-Н
-OH
НО
COOH
II
НО-
III
OH
OH
НО
Н
НО
H
н-
H-+ -OH
H
+
COOH
III
OH
OH](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd6c16c0e-cfd6-4ad1-b723-bdc11d9c41b0%2F9f9eca86-854e-44a1-b848-74f5535fca14%2F9lnvbff_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![18. Draw and label the C4 epimer for the compound shown below.
НО
Н
НО
H
HO
Н-
НО
Н
19. Draw and label the aldonic and aldaric acids that result from the oxidation of the following
monosaccharide: (
CHO
HO
H
CHO
НО
Н
-OH
H
OH
CH₂OH
H
H
-ОН
-Н
OH
20. Convert the following compound to its cyclic form: (.
CHO
CH₂OH
programs
Н
-ОН
-Н
-ОН
CH₂OH
General](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd6c16c0e-cfd6-4ad1-b723-bdc11d9c41b0%2F9f9eca86-854e-44a1-b848-74f5535fca14%2F7qu2wn_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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