100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Total Ozone (Dobson units) Figure 12.9 Over the past several years, the atmospheric ozone concentration over Antarctica has decreased during the winter. This map shows the decreased concentration as a purple area. (credit: modification of work by NASA) NO(g) +03(g) – NO2(g) +O2(g) This reaction has been studied in the laboratory, and the following rate data were determined at 25 °C. [NO] (mol/L) [03] (mol/L) A[NO, Trial (mol L-1s-1) At 1 1.00 x 10-6 3.00 x 10-6 6.60 x 10-5 2 1.00 x 10-6 6.00 x 10-6 1.32 x 10-4 3 1.00 x 10-6 9.00 x 10-6 1.98 x 10-4 4 2.00 x 10-6 9.00 x 10-6 3.96 x 10-4 3.00 x 10-6 9.00 x 10-6 5.94 x 10-4 Determine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction at 25 °C.
Nutrient Cycle
The chemical nutrients that are essential for the synthesis of living matter are taken from the physical environment. After the death and decomposition of living organisms, they are returned to the environment to be used over and again. This cyclic back and forth regenerative movement of chemical elements between organisms and their physical environment is known as the biogeochemical cycle or nutrient cycle. Since these elements serve as the essential chemical nutrients of organisms, their cyclic movements are also called nutrient cycling or mineral cycling. Minerals are not uniformly distributed all over the ecosystems but are more concentrated in specific compartments, called pools. The major biogeochemical cycles include the water cycle, nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, phosphorus cycle, calcium cycle, sulfur cycle, etc.
Biosphere
The geologist Eduard Sues coined the term biosphere. The biosphere is characterized as a part of the earth, which includes ground and air. Moreover, the organisms on earth live in the biosphere. The biosphere is a confined area on the earth's surface where water, soil, and air combine to promote life. Several different types of life exist here.
Ozone in the upper atmosphere is depleted when it reacts with nitrogen oxides. The
![100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Total Ozone (Dobson units)
Figure 12.9 Over the past several years, the atmospheric ozone concentration over Antarctica has
decreased during the winter. This map shows the decreased concentration as a purple area. (credit:
modification of work by NASA)
NO(g) +03(g) – NO2(g) +O2(g)
This reaction has been studied in the laboratory, and the following rate data were determined at 25 °C.
[NO] (mol/L) [03] (mol/L)
A[NO,
Trial
(mol L-1s-1)
At
1
1.00 x 10-6
3.00 x 10-6
6.60 x 10-5
2
1.00 x 10-6
6.00 x 10-6
1.32 x 10-4
3
1.00 x 10-6
9.00 x 10-6
1.98 x 10-4
4
2.00 x 10-6
9.00 x 10-6
3.96 x 10-4
3.00 x 10-6
9.00 x 10-6
5.94 x 10-4
Determine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction at 25 °C.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd2d855e3-ec02-4eca-a79a-615c860ed0e6%2F22b1b8f0-afc7-41a8-8c78-d6dbbbd6d361%2Fou8v5wp.png&w=3840&q=75)
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