10. Why did Islam introduce literacy? What was the significance of writing to Swahili culture? 11. What is Swahili culture? 12. What w was Kilwa?
In the 9th century, Africa was marked by diverse cultures, civilizations, and significant historical developments. North Africa was under the dominance of Islamic Caliphates, such as the Abbasids and the Fatimids, which brought about profound cultural and religious changes. The spread of Islam influenced societies, languages, and political structures across the northern regions, contributing to the rise of vibrant Islamic centres like Cairo and Tunis. In West Africa, powerful empires like the Ghana Empire held sway, known for their wealth and trade in gold and salt. In East Africa, the Swahili coast saw the emergence of flourishing trade cities like Kilwa Kisiwani, connecting the region to a network of global maritime trade routes.
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