10. The rigid bar below is supported by axial bar (1) and by a pin connection at C. Axial bar (1) has a cross-sectional area of A₁ = 275 mm², an elastic modulus of E = 200 GPa, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of a = 11.9x 10/°C. The pin at C has a diameter of 30 mm. After load P has been applied and the temperature of the entire assembly has been increased by 31°C, the total strain in bar (1) is measured as 975 μe (elongation). Determine: (a) the magnitude of load P. (b) the shear stress in pin C.

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.