10. Based on the size of the Gulf of Mexico dead zones in Figure 6 (light and dark red areas enclosed within the heavy black lines denoting 2 mg/L), the 2017 dead zone was approximately the size of the 2021 dead zone. a 0.2 b. 1.4 c. 27 d. 3.9
10. Based on the size of the Gulf of Mexico dead zones in Figure 6 (light and dark red areas enclosed within the heavy black lines denoting 2 mg/L), the 2017 dead zone was approximately the size of the 2021 dead zone. a 0.2 b. 1.4 c. 27 d. 3.9
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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![10. Based on the size of the Gulf of Mexico dead zones in Figure 6 (light and dark red areas
enclosed within the heavy black lines denoting 2 mg/L), the 2017 dead zone was
approximately the size of the 2021 dead zone.
a. 0.2
b. 1.4
c. 27
d. 3.9
02 U
199
Figure 6. Gulf of Mexico bottom-water hypoxia dissolved oxygen (mg/L) for 24-31 JUL
2017. Black lines enclose values less than 2 mg/L. [LSULUMCON]
Discharge of water into the Gulf of Mexico is critical to the degree of severity of hypoxia. This is
described by the flow of nutrients from the land subsystem to the ocean subsystem. The greater
the flow in spring and summer, the greater the hypoxia. In Figure 7, the solid red curve shows
the 2017 Mississippi River discharge at Tarbert Landing, MS up through 4 December 2017. The
dotted blue curve reports the average discharge at Tarbert Landing from 1930 to 2016.
----
2000
a. 80
b. 170
€ 220
1400
1400
1300
1000
***
***
440
241
Jan
RAK
MN
BUY 25
******
*********
*********-
XIS BLY DEPCRASOR SYDROGRAPHE
Pak Kar Apr Kay
a are consistent
b. are not consisten
Avd
Vp OFE B De
*********
Figure 7. Mississippi River discharge (red curve) at Tarbert Landing, MS from 1 Jan to 4
DEC 2017. (LSULUMCON]
COS 8-9-5P22
COS &-10-SP22
11. As seen by the red curve in Figure 7, in late May 2017 the discharge was slightly more than
1200 cfs x 1000 (1,200,000 n./sec). According to curves on the graph, the river discharge in
late May 2017 was about % of the average flow (middle, dotted blue line) for that
time of the year. By late July 2017, the river discharge returned to near the long-term average
flow. The comparisons demonstrate the considerable variability in river discharge over time.
12.
As a general rule of thumb, "the greater the flow, the greater the hypoxia." The 2017 late
spring and early summer Mississippi River discharge and the subsequent Gulf of Mexico
2017 maximum dead zone data with the statement.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F968d40ac-3854-4834-8387-8be52a4e743d%2Fc99f5a06-73d9-4a9b-b1d1-56b7a3357176%2F7hzy5k4_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:10. Based on the size of the Gulf of Mexico dead zones in Figure 6 (light and dark red areas
enclosed within the heavy black lines denoting 2 mg/L), the 2017 dead zone was
approximately the size of the 2021 dead zone.
a. 0.2
b. 1.4
c. 27
d. 3.9
02 U
199
Figure 6. Gulf of Mexico bottom-water hypoxia dissolved oxygen (mg/L) for 24-31 JUL
2017. Black lines enclose values less than 2 mg/L. [LSULUMCON]
Discharge of water into the Gulf of Mexico is critical to the degree of severity of hypoxia. This is
described by the flow of nutrients from the land subsystem to the ocean subsystem. The greater
the flow in spring and summer, the greater the hypoxia. In Figure 7, the solid red curve shows
the 2017 Mississippi River discharge at Tarbert Landing, MS up through 4 December 2017. The
dotted blue curve reports the average discharge at Tarbert Landing from 1930 to 2016.
----
2000
a. 80
b. 170
€ 220
1400
1400
1300
1000
***
***
440
241
Jan
RAK
MN
BUY 25
******
*********
*********-
XIS BLY DEPCRASOR SYDROGRAPHE
Pak Kar Apr Kay
a are consistent
b. are not consisten
Avd
Vp OFE B De
*********
Figure 7. Mississippi River discharge (red curve) at Tarbert Landing, MS from 1 Jan to 4
DEC 2017. (LSULUMCON]
COS 8-9-5P22
COS &-10-SP22
11. As seen by the red curve in Figure 7, in late May 2017 the discharge was slightly more than
1200 cfs x 1000 (1,200,000 n./sec). According to curves on the graph, the river discharge in
late May 2017 was about % of the average flow (middle, dotted blue line) for that
time of the year. By late July 2017, the river discharge returned to near the long-term average
flow. The comparisons demonstrate the considerable variability in river discharge over time.
12.
As a general rule of thumb, "the greater the flow, the greater the hypoxia." The 2017 late
spring and early summer Mississippi River discharge and the subsequent Gulf of Mexico
2017 maximum dead zone data with the statement.
![COS 8-7-SP22
7. During spring, warm Mississippi River water flows into the Gulf. The fresh river water is
less dense and floats over the Gulf salt water, as shown by the light blue water layer in the
vertical cross-section starting at 2:43 min in the video. The resulting surface water layer
convection and the replenishment of dissolved oxygen in ocean water at greater
depths.
a enhances
b. prevents
c. does not change
Dissolved oxygen is essential for life in the marine food chain. With little to no oxygen, creatures
essential to the ecosystem are driven from their habitat. Species that cannot move or escape, die,
adding to the decomposition.
8. The nutrients from the Mississippi River system trigger algal blooms in the surface water
warmed by the increasingly strong sunlight during spring, which remains intense into
summer. The dead algae then sink, settle to the ocean bottom, and decompose. The
decomposition process results in the of dissolved oxygen in the deeper ocean water.
a. increase
b. decrease
The Gulf of Mexico dead zone typically forms in late spring and early summer, when the
consumption of oxygen in bottom water layers cannot be resupplied by the atmosphere, and
persists until late summer or early autumn when passing storms (including hurricanes) and cooler
temperatures stir and break up the density-layered water structure. Annual research cruises have
been conducted for decades to better understand the development of hypoxia zones in the Gulf of
Mexico.
In summer 2021, the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium's (LUMCON) research vessel
Pelican investigated hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico as part of its 35 annual cruise. The
LUMCON group of scientists have monitored the maximum total dead zone area in the Gulf of
Mexico since 1985. Figure 5 depicts results from the 2021 cruise showing bottom-water
dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations along the Gulf of Mexico coast extending from Louisiana
to eastern Texas.
a
b.
COS 8-8-SP22
BCS
Figure 5. Gulf of Mexico bottom-water hypoxia dissolved oxygen (mg/L) for 25 JUL to
1 AUG 2021, Black lines enclose values less than 2 mg/L. [LUMCON/NOAA]
9. In Figure 5, heavy black isolines (lines of constant value) have a value of 2 mg/L. Hypoxic
waters have dissolved oxygen concentrations of 2 mg/L or less. The 2021 map reveals
major dead zone segment(s) in the sample area.
I
In 2021, the total dead zone area measured 16,400 km² (6334 mi) The 2021 sotal dead none
was about on par with initial predictions due to the higher average discharge of the Mississippi
River providing more fresh water to the northern Gulf of Mexico. It still ranked as the 16
largest dead zone in 35 years of research. You can read more on dead zones and hypoxia, with
the 2021 Gulf of Mexico results here: https:/www.nopslag-hang
gulf-of-mexico-dead-zone-measured
For comparison, on 24-31 July 2017 scientists measured the total dead zone area at 22,730 km
(8776 mi), as seen in Figure 6. This is the largest ever dead zone measured for the Gulf of
Mexico](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F968d40ac-3854-4834-8387-8be52a4e743d%2Fc99f5a06-73d9-4a9b-b1d1-56b7a3357176%2Fsipxu6_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:COS 8-7-SP22
7. During spring, warm Mississippi River water flows into the Gulf. The fresh river water is
less dense and floats over the Gulf salt water, as shown by the light blue water layer in the
vertical cross-section starting at 2:43 min in the video. The resulting surface water layer
convection and the replenishment of dissolved oxygen in ocean water at greater
depths.
a enhances
b. prevents
c. does not change
Dissolved oxygen is essential for life in the marine food chain. With little to no oxygen, creatures
essential to the ecosystem are driven from their habitat. Species that cannot move or escape, die,
adding to the decomposition.
8. The nutrients from the Mississippi River system trigger algal blooms in the surface water
warmed by the increasingly strong sunlight during spring, which remains intense into
summer. The dead algae then sink, settle to the ocean bottom, and decompose. The
decomposition process results in the of dissolved oxygen in the deeper ocean water.
a. increase
b. decrease
The Gulf of Mexico dead zone typically forms in late spring and early summer, when the
consumption of oxygen in bottom water layers cannot be resupplied by the atmosphere, and
persists until late summer or early autumn when passing storms (including hurricanes) and cooler
temperatures stir and break up the density-layered water structure. Annual research cruises have
been conducted for decades to better understand the development of hypoxia zones in the Gulf of
Mexico.
In summer 2021, the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium's (LUMCON) research vessel
Pelican investigated hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico as part of its 35 annual cruise. The
LUMCON group of scientists have monitored the maximum total dead zone area in the Gulf of
Mexico since 1985. Figure 5 depicts results from the 2021 cruise showing bottom-water
dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations along the Gulf of Mexico coast extending from Louisiana
to eastern Texas.
a
b.
COS 8-8-SP22
BCS
Figure 5. Gulf of Mexico bottom-water hypoxia dissolved oxygen (mg/L) for 25 JUL to
1 AUG 2021, Black lines enclose values less than 2 mg/L. [LUMCON/NOAA]
9. In Figure 5, heavy black isolines (lines of constant value) have a value of 2 mg/L. Hypoxic
waters have dissolved oxygen concentrations of 2 mg/L or less. The 2021 map reveals
major dead zone segment(s) in the sample area.
I
In 2021, the total dead zone area measured 16,400 km² (6334 mi) The 2021 sotal dead none
was about on par with initial predictions due to the higher average discharge of the Mississippi
River providing more fresh water to the northern Gulf of Mexico. It still ranked as the 16
largest dead zone in 35 years of research. You can read more on dead zones and hypoxia, with
the 2021 Gulf of Mexico results here: https:/www.nopslag-hang
gulf-of-mexico-dead-zone-measured
For comparison, on 24-31 July 2017 scientists measured the total dead zone area at 22,730 km
(8776 mi), as seen in Figure 6. This is the largest ever dead zone measured for the Gulf of
Mexico
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