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10: C4H,NO 100 08 60 48 20 8-4 4000 1.0 3500 4H 3335.35 3.5 2947.61 2851.15 3000 2752.77 4H 3.0 2500 2.5 2000 2.0 1H - 1452.58 1500 17 87CT B16TCT 1.5 PPM 1248.10 1142.00 1062.91 1097.34 1.0 1800 C2 168 682.49 82'SC8 TT

10: C4H,NO 100 08 60 48 20 8-4 4000 1.0 3500 4H 3335.35 3.5 2947.61 2851.15 3000 2752.77 4H 3.0 2500 2.5 2000 2.0 1H - 1452.58 1500 17 87CT B16TCT 1.5 PPM 1248.10 1142.00 1062.91 1097.34 1.0 1800 C2 168 682.49 82'SC8 TT

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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For each problem, you must: 1. Calculate the degree of unsaturation. 2. Assign the principal IR absorption bands above 1500 cm⁻¹. 3. Draw the structure of the compound. 4. Label the protons on your structure with letters and assign them to peaks on the NMR spectrum (see the example below). The image includes an NMR spectrum and a molecular structure. Here is a detailed explanation of the elements presented: ### Molecular Structure The molecule shown is an alcohol with the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. The structure has the following configuration: - The carbon bound to the hydroxyl group is labeled "B." - There are two hydrogens attached to this carbon, which are labeled "B." - The carbon attached to "B" is labeled "C" and has two hydrogens labeled "C." - The terminal methyl group (CH₃) is labeled "A" and has three hydrogens labeled "A." - The hydrogen on the hydroxyl group is labeled "D," contributing one hydrogen. ### NMR Spectrum The NMR spectrum is used to determine the structure of the compound based on the chemical environment of the hydrogens (protons). The horizontal axis is in parts per million (PPM), which indicates the chemical shift of the different protons: 1. **Peak at 3.6-3.5 PPM (labeled C, 2H)** - This corresponds to the two hydrogens (C) attached to the carbon (C), which is next to the electronegative oxygen in the hydroxyl group. 2. **Peak at 2.2-2.1 PPM (labeled D, 1H)** - This is a singlet peak corresponding to the single hydrogen (D) attached to the hydroxyl oxygen. 3. **Peak at 1.7-1.6 PPM (labeled B, 2H)** - This peak corresponds to the two hydrogens (B) attached to the carbon (B), which is bonded to both the hydroxyl group and another carbon atom. 4. **Peak at 1.2-1.1 PPM (labeled A, 3H)** - This triplet peak corresponds to the three hydrogens (A) attached to the terminal carbon (A), which is linked to another carbon (C).
Transcribed Image Text:For each problem, you must: 1. Calculate the degree of unsaturation. 2. Assign the principal IR absorption bands above 1500 cm⁻¹. 3. Draw the structure of the compound. 4. Label the protons on your structure with letters and assign them to peaks on the NMR spectrum (see the example below). The image includes an NMR spectrum and a molecular structure. Here is a detailed explanation of the elements presented: ### Molecular Structure The molecule shown is an alcohol with the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. The structure has the following configuration: - The carbon bound to the hydroxyl group is labeled "B." - There are two hydrogens attached to this carbon, which are labeled "B." - The carbon attached to "B" is labeled "C" and has two hydrogens labeled "C." - The terminal methyl group (CH₃) is labeled "A" and has three hydrogens labeled "A." - The hydrogen on the hydroxyl group is labeled "D," contributing one hydrogen. ### NMR Spectrum The NMR spectrum is used to determine the structure of the compound based on the chemical environment of the hydrogens (protons). The horizontal axis is in parts per million (PPM), which indicates the chemical shift of the different protons: 1. **Peak at 3.6-3.5 PPM (labeled C, 2H)** - This corresponds to the two hydrogens (C) attached to the carbon (C), which is next to the electronegative oxygen in the hydroxyl group. 2. **Peak at 2.2-2.1 PPM (labeled D, 1H)** - This is a singlet peak corresponding to the single hydrogen (D) attached to the hydroxyl oxygen. 3. **Peak at 1.7-1.6 PPM (labeled B, 2H)** - This peak corresponds to the two hydrogens (B) attached to the carbon (B), which is bonded to both the hydroxyl group and another carbon atom. 4. **Peak at 1.2-1.1 PPM (labeled A, 3H)** - This triplet peak corresponds to the three hydrogens (A) attached to the terminal carbon (A), which is linked to another carbon (C).
### Spectroscopic Analysis of C4H9NO #### IR Spectrum Analysis: * The IR spectrum displays absorption peaks which are critical for identifying functional groups in the compound. * **Absorption Peaks (cm⁻¹):** - **3285.25:** Typically associated with N-H or O-H stretching vibrations. - **2971.61, 2861.15:** Indicates C-H stretching commonly found in alkanes. - **2722.77:** Often associated with aldehyde C-H stretching. - **1697.24:** Carbonyl (C=O) stretching frequency, indicative of a ketone, aldehyde, or carboxylic acid. - **1652.98:** May be attributed to the N-H bending, suggesting the presence of amides. - **1482.98, 1463.47, 1442.59:** These correspond to C-H bending vibrations. - **1386.64, 1376.40:** Indicative of -CH3 bending modes. - **1240.49:** Suggests CO stretching of an ester or ether. - **1089.51, 1055.29:** These peaks can be interpreted as C-N stretching vibrations in amines. - **914.23, 802.06:** Associated with -OH out-of-plane bending. #### 1H NMR Spectrum Analysis: * The 1H NMR spectrum provides insight into the hydrogen atom environment within the molecule. * **Chemical Shifts (PPM):** - **4.0 PPM:** Represents the hydrogen atoms associated with a chemical shift, indicating a downfield environment possible due to electronegative atoms. - **3.5 PPM (4H):** Indicates four hydrogen atoms, likely part of a repeating unit due to symmetry. - **3.0 PPM (4H):** Another set of four hydrogen atoms suggests a similar symmetrical unit. - **1.5 PPM (1H):** A single hydrogen atom in an upfield environment, possibly suggesting a non-polar vicinity like a methane group. #### Summary: Understanding the spectroscopic data, we can hypothesize that the compound C4H9NO contains: - A potential mix of hydroxyl, amine, or carbonyl functional groups per IR analysis. - Symmetrical hydrogen environments as indicated by the consistent 1H NMR
Transcribed Image Text:### Spectroscopic Analysis of C4H9NO #### IR Spectrum Analysis: * The IR spectrum displays absorption peaks which are critical for identifying functional groups in the compound. * **Absorption Peaks (cm⁻¹):** - **3285.25:** Typically associated with N-H or O-H stretching vibrations. - **2971.61, 2861.15:** Indicates C-H stretching commonly found in alkanes. - **2722.77:** Often associated with aldehyde C-H stretching. - **1697.24:** Carbonyl (C=O) stretching frequency, indicative of a ketone, aldehyde, or carboxylic acid. - **1652.98:** May be attributed to the N-H bending, suggesting the presence of amides. - **1482.98, 1463.47, 1442.59:** These correspond to C-H bending vibrations. - **1386.64, 1376.40:** Indicative of -CH3 bending modes. - **1240.49:** Suggests CO stretching of an ester or ether. - **1089.51, 1055.29:** These peaks can be interpreted as C-N stretching vibrations in amines. - **914.23, 802.06:** Associated with -OH out-of-plane bending. #### 1H NMR Spectrum Analysis: * The 1H NMR spectrum provides insight into the hydrogen atom environment within the molecule. * **Chemical Shifts (PPM):** - **4.0 PPM:** Represents the hydrogen atoms associated with a chemical shift, indicating a downfield environment possible due to electronegative atoms. - **3.5 PPM (4H):** Indicates four hydrogen atoms, likely part of a repeating unit due to symmetry. - **3.0 PPM (4H):** Another set of four hydrogen atoms suggests a similar symmetrical unit. - **1.5 PPM (1H):** A single hydrogen atom in an upfield environment, possibly suggesting a non-polar vicinity like a methane group. #### Summary: Understanding the spectroscopic data, we can hypothesize that the compound C4H9NO contains: - A potential mix of hydroxyl, amine, or carbonyl functional groups per IR analysis. - Symmetrical hydrogen environments as indicated by the consistent 1H NMR
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