10 01:24:33 Use the following supply and demand graph to answer the question below. Price HG 0 A B с Quantity S1 S1 D₁ S₁ and D₁ represent the current market supply and demand, respectively. S2 and D2 represent the socially optimal supply and demand. One way that the government could shift demand to its socially optimal level is to

10 01:24:33 Use the following supply and demand graph to answer the question below. Price HG 0 A B с Quantity S1 S1 D₁ S₁ and D₁ represent the current market supply and demand, respectively. S2 and D2 represent the socially optimal supply and demand. One way that the government could shift demand to its socially optimal level is to

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Explain why there are no markets for public goods briefly.
What exactly is a Pigovian tax? Give some instances of how the Pigovian tax can be used to tackle environmental issues.
Assume that to balance the benefits of providing electricity with its pollution costs, A. Treehugger recommends that the government imposes a tax $0.04 for every kilowatt hour (kWh) of electricity sold. If they do, how much of this tax is actually paid by the customer (consumer’s burden) and how much is paid by the firm (producer’s burden)?
Use the table below to answer the questions: Quantity Supplied (Private Supplied (Social Cost only) 12,000 14,000 17,000 20,000 24,000 Quantity Quantity Demanded Price 19,000 14,000 9000 5000 1000 $50 $55 $60 $65 $70 Cost) 6000 7500 9000 11,000 14,000 (a) Find the equilibrium price, assuming sellers ignore negative externalities. (b) Find the equilibrium quantity, assuming sellers ignore negative externalities. (c) Find the optimal price, including external costs. (d) Find the optimal quantity, including external costs.
What happens in the market for a good that pollutes the air when it is manufactured if government decides to tax its production? Will this reduce the amount of air pollution?
PRICE OF GOOD X P3 P₂ P₁ 0 Q₁ Q₂ Q3 2 Marginal Social Cost Marginal Private Cost Marginal Social Benefit QUANTITY OF GOOD X To correct for the negative externality shown in the graph above, the government should: provide a subsidy in the amount of P3-P2 to firms that are producing Good "X" provide a subsidy in the amount of P4-P2 to firms that are producing Good "X" implement a tax in the amount of P4-P2 to firms that are producing Good "X" implement a tax in the amount of P3-P2 to firms that are producing Good "X" do nothing as this market is already operating at the socially efficient level of output
Problem 05-01 (algo) On the basis of the three Individual demand schedules in the following table, and assuming these are the only three people in the society, determine a. the market demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a private good and b. the collective demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a public good. Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. Individual 1 Individual 2 Individual 3 (a) Private Demand (b) Public Demand Price Qd Price Qd Price Qd Price Qd Price Qd $8 0 $8 1 $8 0 $8 1 1 7 0 7 2 7 0 7 2 2 6 0 6 3 6 1 в 4 3 5 1 5 4 5 2 5 7 4 4 2 4 5 4 3 4 10 5 3 3 3 в 3 4 3 13 в 2 4 2 7 2 5 2 16 7 1 5 1 8 1 6 1 19 8
Please answer parts e and f below.
Air pollution creates a negative externality—a cost suffered by a third party as a result of an economic transaction. A standard solution to a negative externality is a Pigouvian tax, a tax that raises the marginal private cost of pollution emissions to the level of the marginal social cost. The socially optimal quantity of pollution emissions is then determined by the intersection of the marginal private benefit, or demand, curve and the marginal social cost curve. The article notes that "putting a dollar value on the benefits of cleaner air has been difficult." Assuming this problem has been resolved, in the accompanying diagram, move the endpoints of line Smarginal social cost to show the marginal social cost curve. Then move the line labeled "Tax" to show the amount of the tax needed to limit emissions to the socially optimal level.
Parks confer many external benefits on society: open space, trees that reduce pollution, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of parks is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for parks (their private value), the supply of parks (the private cost of producing them), and the social value of parks, including both the private value and external benefits. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity.
Consider a manufactured good whose production process generates pollution. The demand for the product is Q=100-3P. The market supply function is Q=P. The marginal external cost is MEC=2Q. What is the emissions tax that needs to be imposed to achieve the social optimum? Illustrate on graph What is the economic incidence of this emissions tax? In other words, what proportion of this tax will be paid by producers of this product and what proportion of the tax will be paid by consumers?
When does a subsidy that benefits consumers result in a more efficient allocation of a resource? A when the good being produced or consumed is not scarce B when the good being produced or consumed generates a negative externality when the good being produced or consumed generates a positive externality D when the equilibrium price of the good is one that consumers don't like