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1.Calculate the maximum temperature reached when liquid ammonia at 408C is dissolved in water at 208C to form a 10% solution

1.Calculate the maximum temperature reached when liquid ammonia at 408C is dissolved in water at 208C to form a 10% solution

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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1.Calculate the maximum temperature reached when liquid ammonia at 408C is dissolved in water at 208C to form a 10% solution
### Graph Analysis: Solubility of Ammonia in Water at Different Temperatures #### Description This graph represents the solubility of ammonia (\(NH_3\)) in water at various temperatures. The graph's vertical axis denotes the percentage of \(NH_3\) (y-axis), and the horizontal axis indicates the concentration, beginning from 0.1% \(NH_3\). #### Key Points - **Y-Axis:** Percentage of \(NH_3\) in water at different temperatures (marked from -20°C up to 80°C). - **X-Axis:** Concentration of \(NH_3\), starting from 0.1% \(NH_3\). #### Components 1. **Vertical Lines:** - One prominent vertical line at 0.1% \(NH_3\). 2. **Horizontal Line:** - It represents the baseline at 0% \(NH_3\) concentration. 3. **Solubility Lines:** - Lines at 20°C (Water). - Several solubility lines for \(NH_3\) at temperatures 0°C, 20°C, 40°C, etc. - Marked points \(A\) and \(B\) indicate critical data points: - Point \(A\) where \(NH_3\) is at a higher temperature (40°C). - Point \(B\) denotes the water at 20°C. #### Observations - **Temperature Impact:** - The solubility of \(NH_3\) in water increases with lower temperatures. - At 20°C and under, the solubility lines densely packed indicate critical equilibrium points. - With an increase in temperature (up to 40°C), the solubility lines spread out, indicating less solubility of ammonia at higher temperatures. - **Lines of Constant Temperature:** - They show how the concentration changes as the temperature changes. - Higher temperature (40°C) shows a less steep slope implying that higher temperatures hold less ammonia. #### Conclusion This graph is a vital tool for understanding how temperature influences the solubility of ammonia in water. It can be used to predict behavior in various chemical processes involving \(NH_3\) and is crucial for industries where ammonia solubility is key.
Transcribed Image Text:### Graph Analysis: Solubility of Ammonia in Water at Different Temperatures #### Description This graph represents the solubility of ammonia (\(NH_3\)) in water at various temperatures. The graph's vertical axis denotes the percentage of \(NH_3\) (y-axis), and the horizontal axis indicates the concentration, beginning from 0.1% \(NH_3\). #### Key Points - **Y-Axis:** Percentage of \(NH_3\) in water at different temperatures (marked from -20°C up to 80°C). - **X-Axis:** Concentration of \(NH_3\), starting from 0.1% \(NH_3\). #### Components 1. **Vertical Lines:** - One prominent vertical line at 0.1% \(NH_3\). 2. **Horizontal Line:** - It represents the baseline at 0% \(NH_3\) concentration. 3. **Solubility Lines:** - Lines at 20°C (Water). - Several solubility lines for \(NH_3\) at temperatures 0°C, 20°C, 40°C, etc. - Marked points \(A\) and \(B\) indicate critical data points: - Point \(A\) where \(NH_3\) is at a higher temperature (40°C). - Point \(B\) denotes the water at 20°C. #### Observations - **Temperature Impact:** - The solubility of \(NH_3\) in water increases with lower temperatures. - At 20°C and under, the solubility lines densely packed indicate critical equilibrium points. - With an increase in temperature (up to 40°C), the solubility lines spread out, indicating less solubility of ammonia at higher temperatures. - **Lines of Constant Temperature:** - They show how the concentration changes as the temperature changes. - Higher temperature (40°C) shows a less steep slope implying that higher temperatures hold less ammonia. #### Conclusion This graph is a vital tool for understanding how temperature influences the solubility of ammonia in water. It can be used to predict behavior in various chemical processes involving \(NH_3\) and is crucial for industries where ammonia solubility is key.
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