1.76 The breakdown voltage V₂ varies with tempera- ture and this is undesirable especially in precision voltage-reference applications. A popular way to compensate for this variation is to use an ava- lanche diode, which has TC > 0, in series with an ordinary forward-biased diode, which has TC < 0, as depicted in Fig. P1.76. As we know, the latter has TC-2 mV/°C, so if we use an avalanche diode with TC = +2 mV/°C, the opposing TCs will cancel each other out, resulting in a very sta- ble combined voltage drop. Avalanche diodes with TC +2 mV/°C fall in the neighborhood of 6.2 V, so the voltage drop of the series combination is about 6.2 +0.7 = 6.9 V. (a) Assuming Vo 6.9 V, specify R for an avalanche-diode current of 3 mA at V₁ = 12 V and I₁ = 2 mA. (b) Assuming sufficiently small line and load variations to justify the small-signal approxi- mation for D₁, find the line and load regula- tion (in mV/V and mV/mA) if r₂ = 8 2 and nV₁ = 26 mV. V₁ R W D₁ Z D₂ FIGURE P1.76 +₁ + Vo LD

1.76 The breakdown voltage V₂ varies with tempera- ture and this is undesirable especially in precision voltage-reference applications. A popular way to compensate for this variation is to use an ava- lanche diode, which has TC > 0, in series with an ordinary forward-biased diode, which has TC < 0, as depicted in Fig. P1.76. As we know, the latter has TC-2 mV/°C, so if we use an avalanche diode with TC = +2 mV/°C, the opposing TCs will cancel each other out, resulting in a very sta- ble combined voltage drop. Avalanche diodes with TC +2 mV/°C fall in the neighborhood of 6.2 V, so the voltage drop of the series combination is about 6.2 +0.7 = 6.9 V. (a) Assuming Vo 6.9 V, specify R for an avalanche-diode current of 3 mA at V₁ = 12 V and I₁ = 2 mA. (b) Assuming sufficiently small line and load variations to justify the small-signal approxi- mation for D₁, find the line and load regula- tion (in mV/V and mV/mA) if r₂ = 8 2 and nV₁ = 26 mV. V₁ R W D₁ Z D₂ FIGURE P1.76 +₁ + Vo LD

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)

13th Edition

ISBN:9780133923605

Author:Robert L. Boylestad

Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P: Visit your local library (at school or home) and describe the extent to which it provides literature...

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