Can you help me with problem 1
Aromatic substituition is electrophilic, due to high density in benzenering.Benzene ring is one of components in most important natural products and otheruseful products. The species reacting with the aromatic ring is usually a positive ionor the end of a dipole.Nitration is one of the most important examples of electrophilicsubstituition.The electrophile in nitration is the nitronium ion which is generated fromnitric acid by protonation and loss of water , using sulphuric acid as the dehydratingagent.
The reaction is shown below :
HNO3 + 2H2SO4 ---------------> NO2+ + H3O+ + 2HSO4-
In this experiment we will put nitro group on a benzene ring which already hasester group attached to it.The actual electrophile in the reaction is the nitronium ion ,which is generated in the reaction mixture using concentrated nitric acid andconcentrated sulphuric acid.The equation has been shown below:In this experiment , a cool solution of the aromatic ester that has beendissolved in sulphuric acid and nitric acid . This highly exothermic reaction is keptunder control by cooling then the mixture is poured into ice.
The solid product is
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isolated by filtration is isolated by filtration and recrystallizationfrom methanol which isvery soluble.
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