1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. For efficient compaction, DNA depends on interactions with histones and nonhistone proteins. B. Chromatin is any complex of DNA and protein found in a cell’s nucleus. C. A chromosome is a piece of chromatin that contains a single DNA molecule and behaves as a unit during cell division. D. Motor proteins of kinetochore are histone proteins that help move the chromosomes along the spindle apparatus. 2. Composition of chromatin: 1. Histones 3. DNA 2. Nonhistone proteins 4. RNA A . 1 and 3 only C. 1, 2, and 3 B . 2 and 4 only D . 1, 2, 3, and 4 3. Which of the following statements about the nucleosome is INCORRECT? A. It is the fundamental unit of chromosome packaging. B. It resembles beads on a string. C. Histone H1 forms part of the nucleosome octamer core. D. DNA bends sharply at some positions around the nucleosome core.
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER
corresponding to the best choice.
1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. For efficient compaction, DNA depends on interactions with histones and nonhistone proteins.
B. Chromatin is any complex of DNA and protein found in a cell’s nucleus.
C. A chromosome is a piece of chromatin that contains a single DNA molecule and behaves as a
unit during cell division.
D. Motor proteins of kinetochore are histone proteins that help move the chromosomes along
the spindle apparatus.
2. Composition of chromatin:
1. Histones 3. DNA
2. Nonhistone proteins 4. RNA
A
.
1 and 3 only C. 1, 2, and 3
B
.
2 and 4 only D
.
1, 2, 3, and 4
3. Which of the following statements about the nucleosome is INCORRECT?
A. It is the fundamental unit of chromosome packaging.
B. It resembles beads on a string.
C. Histone H1 forms part of the nucleosome octamer core.
D. DNA bends sharply at some positions around the nucleosome core.
4. Arrange the levels of DNA packaging from the least compacted structure to the most compacted:
1. Solenoid 4. Rosette compression
2. Nucleosome 5. Chromosome
3. Rosette formation 6. Looping of the 30-nm fibers
A
.
1,2,3,4,6,5 C. 1,3,2,4,6,5
B
.
2,1,6,3,4,5 D
.
2,1,3,4,6,5
5. Which of the following statements about G-banding is INCORRECT?
A. In G banding, chromosomes are first gently heated and then exposed to Giemsa stain.
B. Giemsa preferentially darkens certain regions of a chromosome producing alternating dark
and light G bands.
C. The high reproducibility of G band patterns allows geneticist to designate the chromosomal
location of a gene by describing its position in relation to the bands on the short or long arm
of a particular chromosome.
D. G banding pattern is not dependent on the DNA sequence of a particular chromosome.
6. A diagram of banding patterns of a particular chromosome is called __________.
A
.
An idiogram C. A karyogram
B
.
An idiotype D
.
A karyotype
7. Which of the following is NOT TRUE of nucleosome packaging and gene expression?
A. Gene promoters are hidden from RNA polymerase and transcription factors when promoter
DNA is wrapped around the histone core of a nucleosome.
B. Chromatin remodeling complexes expose promoters by placing them in nucleosome-free
regions that are resistant to DNase.
C. DNA in heterochromatin is so tightly packaged that it is transcriptionally inactive.
D. Euchromatin contains most sites of transcription and therefore almost all of the genes.
8. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. Histone acetylation favors gene silencing in euchromatic regions.
B. Methylation of lysine at the ninth position of histone H3 is a common feature of chromosomal
regions that are transcriptionally activated.
C. Barr bodies are examples of constitutive heterochromatin.
D. The product of Xist gene is a noncoding RNA that triggers the inactivation of the X
chromosome from which it was transcribed.
9. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Eukaryotic Chromosome
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