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1. Which of the following compounds will not rotate the plane of polarization of plane- polarized light? ОН ОН ОН ОН ОН OH OH ОН || ОН ||| ОН ОН ОН IV

1. Which of the following compounds will not rotate the plane of polarization of plane- polarized light? ОН ОН ОН ОН ОН OH OH ОН || ОН ||| ОН ОН ОН IV

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**1. Which of the following compounds will not rotate the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light?** The image shows the structures of four different organic compounds, labeled I, II, III, and IV. Each structure contains multiple hydroxyl (OH) groups. - **Compound I:** Has two hydroxyl groups attached to a central carbon atom in a trans orientation around the carbon chain. - **Compound II:** Has two hydroxyl groups attached to a central carbon atom in a cis orientation around the carbon chain. - **Compound III:** Similar to compound I, has two hydroxyl groups attached to a central carbon atom but no specific orientation around the carbon chain. - **Compound IV:** Similar to compound II, has two hydroxyl groups attached to a central carbon atom but no specific orientation around the carbon chain. When determining if a compound will rotate plane-polarized light, we look for chirality. Compounds that are chiral will have non-superimposable mirror images and will usually rotate plane-polarized light. Compounds with internal planes of symmetry are typically achiral and will not rotate plane-polarized light. In the given set: - Compounds I and III have configurations that may suggest internal symmetry. - Compounds II and IV have configurations that may lack symmetry, making them chiral. **Conclusion: Compounds I and III likely do not rotate the plane of polarization due to their symmetry, thus they don't exhibit optical activity.** **Educational Note:** Chirality in organic chemistry refers to the geometric property of a compound having non-superimposable mirror images. Chiral molecules typically rotate the plane of polarized light, a property known as optical activity. Such optical activity is crucial in many biological systems and can significantly impact the function and behavior of organic molecules.
Transcribed Image Text:**1. Which of the following compounds will not rotate the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light?** The image shows the structures of four different organic compounds, labeled I, II, III, and IV. Each structure contains multiple hydroxyl (OH) groups. - **Compound I:** Has two hydroxyl groups attached to a central carbon atom in a trans orientation around the carbon chain. - **Compound II:** Has two hydroxyl groups attached to a central carbon atom in a cis orientation around the carbon chain. - **Compound III:** Similar to compound I, has two hydroxyl groups attached to a central carbon atom but no specific orientation around the carbon chain. - **Compound IV:** Similar to compound II, has two hydroxyl groups attached to a central carbon atom but no specific orientation around the carbon chain. When determining if a compound will rotate plane-polarized light, we look for chirality. Compounds that are chiral will have non-superimposable mirror images and will usually rotate plane-polarized light. Compounds with internal planes of symmetry are typically achiral and will not rotate plane-polarized light. In the given set: - Compounds I and III have configurations that may suggest internal symmetry. - Compounds II and IV have configurations that may lack symmetry, making them chiral. **Conclusion: Compounds I and III likely do not rotate the plane of polarization due to their symmetry, thus they don't exhibit optical activity.** **Educational Note:** Chirality in organic chemistry refers to the geometric property of a compound having non-superimposable mirror images. Chiral molecules typically rotate the plane of polarized light, a property known as optical activity. Such optical activity is crucial in many biological systems and can significantly impact the function and behavior of organic molecules.
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