1. Which form of energy is Not correctly associated with an example? a) kinetic energy : fat molecules b) kinetic energy : movement of muscles c) chemical energy : glucose d) potential energy : water held behind a dam e) potential energy : ATP _____2. Which Best describes the first law of thermodynamics? a) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter. b) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. c) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. d) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. e) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. _____3. Which Best describes the second law of thermodynamics? a) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter. b) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. c) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. d) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. e) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. _____4. Which of the following is consistent with the laws of physics governing energy? a) When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine, 100% of its energy goes into moving the car along the road. b) You eat a "quarter pounder" hamburger and assemble exactly a quarter pound of additional body weight on your body. c) Eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat. d) A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that, eaten by you, becomes a calorie of heat lost in muscle "power". e) Chemical bonds are a case of converting energy to matter; breaking bonds converts matter to energy. _____5. All of the biochemical pathways in a cell constitute a) coupling reactions b) free energy c) endergonic reactions only d) exergonic reactions only e) metabolism _____6. Endergonic reactions a) are always coupling reactions b) have a negative change in free energy and occur spontaneously c) can only occur if there is an input of energy d) have products with less free energy than the reactants. e) All of the above are correct. _____7. Which of these statements is Not a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics? a) While the total amount of energy is unchanged, the energy lost as heat is no longer useful to the cell in doing work. b) Reactions that occur spontaneously are those that increase the amount of useful energy in a system. c) The amount of disorder in the universe is always increasing. d) To maintain organization of a cell, a continual input of energy is required. _____8. Coupling occurs when the energy by an exergonic reaction is a) used to drive another exergonic reaction. b) used to drive an endergonic reaction. c) lost as nonusable heat to the environment. d) used to decrease the entropy of the universe. e) All of the above are correct. _____9. The subunits from which ATP is made are a) ADP and phosphate b) FAD and NAD+ c) FAD and NADPH d) ADP and FAD e) ADP and NAD+ _____10. ATP is considered to be a) an enzyme used widely in all kinds of cells. b) a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond. c) a coenzyme used to inhibit or activate different enzymes. d) the precursor of a high energy membrane bounded protein. _____11. ATP is considered a high energy compound because under cellular conditions 7.3 kcal per mole of energy is released when a bond is broken between a) the base adenine and the sugar ribose. b) the adenosine and the phosphate groups. c) the adenosine diphosphate and the third phosphate. d) the base adenine and the phosphate groups. e) All of the above bonds release energy as ATP is completely broken down. _____12. Which of the following is characteristic of enzymes? a) They lower the energy of activation of a reaction by binding the substrate. b) They raise the energy of activation of a reaction by binding the substrate. c) They lower the amount of energy present in the substrate. _____13. An enzyme is generally named by adding ____ to the end of the name of the _____. a) "-ose". cell in which it is found b) "-ase". cell in which it is found c) "-ose". substrate d) "-ase". substrate e) "-ase". coenzyme _____14. Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together? a) As the product is released, the enzyme breaks down. b) The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate, which is like a lock. c) The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate. d) As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the enzyme site changes to accommodate the reaction.
_____1. Which form of energy is Not correctly associated with an example?
a) kinetic energy : fat molecules
b) kinetic energy : movement of muscles
c) chemical energy : glucose
d) potential energy : water held behind a dam
e) potential energy : ATP
_____2. Which Best describes the first law of
a) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter.
b) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another.
c) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter.
d) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs.
e) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another.
_____3. Which Best describes the second law of thermodynamics?
a) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter.
b) Energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another.
c) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter.
d) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs.
e) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another.
_____4. Which of the following is consistent with the laws of physics governing energy?
a) When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine, 100% of its energy goes into moving the car along the road.
b) You eat a "quarter pounder" hamburger and assemble exactly a quarter pound of additional
body weight on your body.
c) Eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat.
d) A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that, eaten by you, becomes a
calorie of heat lost in muscle "power".
e)
_____5. All of the biochemical pathways in a cell constitute
a) coupling reactions
b) free energy
c) endergonic reactions only
d) exergonic reactions only
e)
_____6. Endergonic reactions
a) are always coupling reactions
b) have a negative change in free energy and occur spontaneously
c) can only occur if there is an input of energy
d) have products with less free energy than the reactants.
e) All of the above are correct.
_____7. Which of these statements is Not a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
a) While the total amount of energy is unchanged, the energy lost as heat is no longer useful to the cell in doing work.
b) Reactions that occur spontaneously are those that increase the amount of useful energy in a system.
c) The amount of disorder in the universe is always increasing.
d) To maintain organization of a cell, a continual input of energy is required.
_____8. Coupling occurs when the energy by an exergonic reaction is
a) used to drive another exergonic reaction.
b) used to drive an endergonic reaction.
c) lost as nonusable heat to the environment.
d) used to decrease the entropy of the universe.
e) All of the above are correct.
_____9. The subunits from which ATP is made are
a) ADP and phosphate
b) FAD and NAD+
c) FAD and NADPH
d) ADP and FAD
e) ADP and NAD+
_____10. ATP is considered to be
a) an enzyme used widely in all kinds of cells.
b) a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond.
c) a coenzyme used to inhibit or activate different enzymes.
d) the precursor of a high energy membrane bounded protein.
_____11. ATP is considered a high energy compound because under cellular conditions 7.3 kcal per mole of energy
is released when a bond is broken between
a) the base adenine and the sugar ribose.
b) the adenosine and the phosphate groups.
c) the adenosine diphosphate and the third phosphate.
d) the base adenine and the phosphate groups.
e) All of the above bonds release energy as ATP is completely broken down.
_____12. Which of the following is characteristic of enzymes?
a) They lower the energy of activation of a reaction by binding the substrate.
b) They raise the energy of activation of a reaction by binding the substrate.
c) They lower the amount of energy present in the substrate.
_____13. An enzyme is generally named by adding ____ to the end of the name of the _____.
a) "-ose". cell in which it is found
b) "-ase". cell in which it is found
c) "-ose". substrate
d) "-ase". substrate
e) "-ase". coenzyme
_____14. Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together?
a) As the product is released, the enzyme breaks down.
b) The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate, which is like a lock.
c) The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate.
d) As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the enzyme site changes to accommodate the reaction.
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