Answered: 1. When using echo-sounding data to…

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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Transcribed Image Text:Intendiinia Introduction to Oceanography Figure 3 An echo sounder determines water depth by measuring the time required for an acoustic signal to travel from a ship to the seafloor and back. The speed of sound in seawater is 1500 m/sec. th's with the invention of electronic depth-sounding equipment. The echo sounder (also referred to as sonar) measures the precise time that a sound wave, traveling at about 1500 meters per second, takes to reach the ocean floor and return to the instrument (Figure 3). Ships generally don't make single depth soundings. Rather, as a ship moves from one location to another, it continually sends out sound pulses and records the returning echoes. In this way, oceanographers obtain many depth recordings from which a profile (cross-sectional view) of the ocean floor can be prepared. Today, in addition to using sophisticated echo sounders such as multibeam sonar, oceanographers are also using satellites to map the ocean floor. Outgoing signal Reflected signal Seafloor ACTIVITY 2 Measuring Ocean Depths 1. When using echo-sounding data to determine ocean depths, the following formula is used: Ocean depth = 1/2 (1500 m/sec x Echo travel time) Calculate the depth of the ocean, in meters, for the following echo soundings: 5.2 seconds: m 6.0 seconds: m. 2.8 seconds: 2. The data in Table 1 were gathered by a ship equipped with an echo sounder as it traveled the North Atlantic Ocean eastward from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to a point somewhat beyond the center of the Atlantic Ocean. Use the data in Table 1 to construct a generalized profile of the ocean floor in the North Atlantic on Figure 4. Begin by plotting the distance of each point from Cape Cod, at the indicated depth. Complete the profile by connecting the points. Table 1 Echo Sounder Depths Eastward from Cape Cod, Massachusetts POINT DISTANCE (KM) DEPTH (M) 1 2 180 150 3 270 2700 4 420 3300 5 600 4000 6 830 4800 1100 4750 8 1150 2500 1200 4800 10 1490 4750 11 1750 4800 12 1800 3100 13 1860 4850 14 2120 4800 15 2320 4000 16 2650 3000 17 1500 slM 2900 18 2950 1000 19 2960 2700 20 3000 2700 21 3050 22 1000 3130 1900

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