1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.What two enzymes in glycolysis are regulated by high ATP concentrations?Write out the substrates, products and enzyme involved for the two ATP producingsteps in glycolysis.What bonds are cleaved in fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to form dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?Phosphates are added to glucose in two separate steps to produce fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. (a) Which position ends up on the 3 C-product that is used for ATPproduction? (b) What is the function of the phosphate on the other carbon?What molecule acts as an oxidizing agent in glycolysis?When fructose is the carbon source what carbon is phosphorylated?What 3-carbon phosphorylated product results from aldolase B?Under anaerobic conditions what is the fate of pyruvate?What product of pyruvate is used to form citrate in the TCA cycle?Write out the substrates, products and enzymes responsible for the three stepsoxidizing the original carbon skeleton of pyruvate releasing CO₂?What is the difference between substrate level phosphorylation (SLP) and oxidativephosphorylation?How many electrons are donated to the cytochrome chain at each site?List by complex I. complex II, complex III, complex IV.

INTRODUCTION : Glycolysis : It is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is deduced down into pyruvate…

Answered: 1. What two enzymes in glycolysis are…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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1. Write out the mechanism of TIM-catalyzed reaction in the direction it goes in glycolysis. Show involved enzymatic residues.
3. Distinguish the correct statements about oxidative phosphorylation. I. 1 poir Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP by transferring phosphate group directly to ADP molecule. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from sunlight. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from glucose. IV. Oxidative phosphorylation is based on electrons moving through ETC and production of a proton-motive force that drives ATP synthase. A. I & II O B. I & II O C. II & IV D. III & IV pc FATD
1. Name the phosphate-modifying enzyme that turns off glycogenolysis and turns on glycogenolysis. 2. Which enzyme uses UDP-glucose to build into straight chains of glucose on a glycogen core?
Oxidative Phosphorylation (electron transport chain + chemiosmosis) What goes in? What comes out? What happens to the energy that is released? Where does each step occur? What biproducts or molecules are produced or consumed (such as NADH, FADH2, CO2, ATP/GTP, O2, so on...). How is it regulated?
1. What role does oxygen play in the ETC? What ultimately happens to that oxygen? (What compound(s) does it become?) 2. What are the rate-limiting enzymes of glycolysis and the TCA cycle? Glycolysis: TCA:
Glucose is degraded into glucose and oxygen is released by respiration in Cows. From where, this glucose comes in Cows? Explain in detail each step of Glycolysis in your own words. Do not draw the Diagram. List enzymes and ATP used and synthesized. Where Glycolysis occurs in cells?
10. The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose: Pi + Glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate This is a thermodynamically unfavorable process with AGº = +13.8 kJ/mol. In a liver cell at 37 °C the concentration of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 5 mM each. The equilibrium concentration of glucose-6-phosphate according to the above data is: A. 1.18 x107 B. 8.50 x 104 C. 4.25 x 105 D. 2.21 x 10s E. 1.38 x 108 F. 3.02 X 103 G. 6.75 x 10-6 H. 4.08 x 10 I. 9.15 x106
11. What type of enzyme is responsible for initiating the process of glycolysis? Hydrolase. Dehydrogenase. Phosphatase. Phosphorylase. Kinase.
Which of the following statements summarizes glycolysis?O c. Consume 4 ATP and produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvatesO a. Consume 2 ATP and produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvatesO d. Consume 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP, 4 NADH and 2 pyruvatesO b. Consume 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvates
1. List the 3 final products of glycolysis.
25. An ATP saved is an ATP earned. The complete oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate derived from free glucose yields 30 molecules ATP, whereas the complete oxidation of glucose 6- phosphate derived from glycogen yields 31 molecules of ATP. Account for this difference.
4. Write the overall balanced equation that summarizes glycolysis.

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1. What two enzymes in glycolysis are regulated by high ATP concentrations?