Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
1. What is energy? What are the various units that energy is measured in?
2. What do the variables in ? = ??Δ? mean?
3. What does Δ? = ?? − ?? mean? What is the meaning of a negative Δ??
4. 20 grams of water (heat capacity = 4.184 J/(gOC)) increases in temperature by 15
OC. How much heat energy was required?
5. What is a coffee cup calorimeter? Why do we want such a calorimeter to be
insulated?
6. Explain how temperature change with the same amount of energy supplied will vary
depending on the heat capacity of a substance.
7. What is an exothermic reaction? An endothermic reaction?
8. What happens with energy when a
9. What is Δ? called? What does it mean if Δ? is positive? Negative?
10.What is Hess’s Law?
11. If ? + ? → ??, Δ? = −100 ?? and ?? → ? + ?, Δ? = +50 ??, then find Δ? for:
? + ?? → ? + ??, Δ? = ? ?
12.What is the relationship between frequency and
13. Identify all variables in ? = ℎ? and ? =
?
?
14.Calculate the frequency of 450 nm light (blue light)? Recall: 1 nm = 10
-9 m
15.What is the energy of this blue light?
16.What are the seven types of
longest wavelength to shortest?
17. How does energy relate to wavelength for light? To frequency?
18. Be able to use this table to identify waves (e.g.
an EM wave has a frequency of 1016 Hz. What type of
EM radiation is this? Which type of wave in this
table has the highest frequency?)
19.What causes an electron to go from the ground state to an excited state?
20. What happens when an electron goes from an excited state to a lower
energy state? What is released?
21. How is it observable that photons and electrons can act like waves?
22. Identify all variables in ? =
ℎ
??
23. What is the wavelength of a 70 kg man running at 4 m/s?
24. What do s-orbitals, p-orbitals, and d-orbitals look like?
25. Where are the s-block, d-block, and p-block on the periodic table?
26. How do wavefunctions relate to these orbitals?
27. How do you write the electron configuration for an element, e.g. Sodium
(Na)?
28. How do you write the electron configuration for an ion, e.g. Na+?
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