Microscopic examination
The analysis of minute organisms, cellular organization of any biological structure, and composition of body fluids with the help of a microscope is known as microscopic examination. The magnification of specimens or samples under study helps in attaining a clearer picture of it.
Gram Staining
Named after Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist, Gram stain is one of the most powerful staining techniques within microbiology. This technique was introduced in 1882 to identify pneumonia-causing organisms. The Gram staining technique uses crystal violet or methylene blue as primary staining colors to distinguish gram-positive from gram-negative organisms. Under a microscope, the gram-positive organisms appear purple-brown, retaining the primary color. Gram-negative organisms appear pink or red as they do not acquire the color of the primary stain.
![Colony Morphology of Bacteria
MARGIN
COLOUR ELEVATION| TEXTURE
SHAPE
Orange
Raised
Slimy, moist
Curled
Round
Red or pink
Umbonate
Matte, brittle
Punctiform
Entire (smooth)
Shiny,
viscous
Black
Flat
Filamentous
Rhizoid
(root-like)
Dry, mucoid
Brown
Convex
Undulate (wavy)
Filamentous
Translucent
Ораque or
white
Pulvinate
Irregular
Lobate
(Cushion-
shaped)
Iridescent
(changes
colour in
Growth into
Milky
culture
reflected
Spindle
Erose (serrated)
medium
light)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4ce4ad04-682a-450c-b3de-4c8df2aca647%2F424a7ec5-140b-4211-b95f-3670cde26283%2F6jloyz3_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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