1. Use the graph provided to answer the following questions: a. What mass of potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 100g of water at 20°C b. What salt is the least soluble at 80-C c. What mass of KCl could be dissolved in 200g of water at 10 C Solubility (g of salt in 100g H₂O) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Solubilities of Salts in Water Pb(NO CONX KCI K.C.₂O, KCIO Ce, (SO₂) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature (°C)

1. Use the graph provided to answer the following questions: a. What mass of potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 100g of water at 20°C b. What salt is the least soluble at 80-C c. What mass of KCl could be dissolved in 200g of water at 10 C Solubility (g of salt in 100g H₂O) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Solubilities of Salts in Water Pb(NO CONX KCI K.C.₂O, KCIO Ce, (SO₂) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature (°C)

Introductory Chemistry For Today

8th Edition

ISBN:9781285644561

Author:Seager

Publisher:Seager

Chapter7: Solutions And Colloids

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7.42E

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Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)
Concentrated hydrochloric acid contains 1.00 mol HCl dissolved in 3.31 mol H2O. What is the mole fraction of HCl in concentrated hydrochloric acid? What is the molal concentration of HCl?
You dissolve 1.0 mol of urea (H2NCONH2) in 270 g of water. The mole fraction of urea is (a) 3710 3 (b) 0.063 (c) 16 (d) 1.0 and its molality is (a) 1.0 (b) 3.7 (c) 0.063 (d) 0.27
An unknown compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Combustion analysis of the compound gives mass percents of 31.57% C and 5.30% H. The molar mass is determined by measuring the freezing-point depression of an aqueous solution. A freezing point of 5.20C is recorded for a solution made by dissolving 10.56 g of the compound in 25.0 g water. Determine the empirical formula, molar mass, and molecular formula of the compound. Assume that the compound is a nonelectrolyte.
The solubility of benzoic acid (HC7H5O2), is 0.34 g/100 mL in water at 25C and is 10.0 g/100 mL in benzene (C6H6) at 25C. Rationalize this solubility behavior. (Hint: Benzoic acid forms a dimer in benzene.) Would benzoic acid be more or less soluble in a 0.1-M NaOH solution than it is in water? Explain.
A carbonated beverage is made by saturating water with carbon dioxide at 0C and a pressure of 3.0 atm. The bottle is then opened at room temperature (25C), and comes to equilibrium with air in the room containing CO2(PCO2=1.0103M/atm). The Henry's law constant for the solubility of CO2 in water is 0.0769 M/atm at 0C and 0.0313 M/atm at 25C. (a) What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the bottle before it is opened? (b) What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the bottle after it has been opened and come to equilibrium with the air?
Distinguish between dispersion methods and condensation methods for preparing colloidal systems.
The Henry's law constant for the solubility of argon gas in water is 1.0103M/atm at 30C. (a) Express the constant in M/mm Hg. (b) If the partial pressure of argon gas at 30C is 693 mm Hg, what is the concentration (in M) of the dissolved argon gas at 30C? (c) How many grams of argon gas can be dissolved in 29 L of water at 693 mm Hg and 30C? (Ignore the partial pressure of water.)
The solubility of NaCl in water at 100 C is 39.1 g/100. g of water Calculate the boiling point of this solution. (Assume i = 1.85 for NaCl.)
Vapor-pressure lowering is a colligative property, as are freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation. What is a colligative property? Why is the freezing point depressed for a solution as compared to the pure solvent? Why is the boiling point elevated for a solution as compared to the pure solvent? Explain how to calculate T for a freezing-point depression problem or a boiling-point elevation problem. Of the solvents listed in Table 10-5, which would have the largest freezing-point depression for a 0.50 molal solution? Which would have the smallest boiling-point elevation for a 0.50 molal solution? A common application of freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation experiments is to provide a means to calculate the molar mass of a nonvolatile solute. What data are needed to calculate the molar mass of a nonvolatile solute? Explain how you would manipulate these data to calculate the molar mass of the nonvolatile solute.
The Henry's law constant for the solubility of helium gas in water is 3.8104M/atm at 25C. (a) Express the constant for the solubility of helium gas in M/mm Hg. (b) If the partial pressure of He at 25C is 293 mm Hg, what is the concentration of dissolved He in mol/L at 25C? (c) What volume of helium gas can be dissolved in 10.00 L of water at 293 mm Hg and 25C? (Ignore the partial pressure of water.)
From the data presented in Figure 12.11, determine which has the more positive enthalpy of solution: NaCl or NH4Cl. Explain.

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