1. The use of natural proteins as drugs requires compliance with certain storageand use conditions, which are clearly prescribed in the instructions. So, mostprotein preparations must be stored in a refrigerator at a temperature not excce-ding 10 °C, and dry preparations should be dissolved in boiled water cooled toroom temperature. Some protein preparations are stored in hermetically scaledampoules, from which air is removed. Why do protein drugs require strictadherence to all the conditions prescribed in the instructions, and what canhappen if these conditions are violated?

Protein: Polymer of amino acid joined together through peptide bond removing water in a process…

Answered: 1. The use of natural proteins as drugs…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A. One example of conjugated protein that contains the following Prosthetic groups: a. Iron Protein class, Example, b. Lipids Protein class, Example, c. Phosphate group Protein class, Example, d. Carbohydrate Protein class, Example, е. Heme Protein class, Example,
VI. Although most biologically relevant sugars have the D-configuration, L-fucose is a commonly observed monosaccharide component in glycoproteins. Glycosylated antibodies (IgGs) observed in patients with active TB have more fucose than those found in patients with latent TB (Lu et. al., 2016). Latent TB occurs when a person has the TB bacteria, but bacterial proliferation is kept under control by the body's immune system; hence, the infected person is asymptomatic and not infectious. A person with latent TB will test positive for the tuberculin test or TB blood test. a) L-fucose is also known as 6-deoxy-L-galactose. Note that D-galactose is a C-4 epimer of D-glucose. Draw the Fisher projections for D-glucose, D-galactose and L-fucose. (Hints: D- and L-isomers are enantiomers. 6-deoxy means that the hydroxyl group at C-6 is removed leaving just the methyl group). D-galactose: D-glucose: L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose): b) L-fucose can cyclize into a pyranose and form two anomers. Draw…
92.17
14. A protein mixture consisting of proteins A, B, and C was subjected to various protein purification steps. First, the protein mixture was applied to an anion ion exchange column. When the column was washed with an increasing concentration gradient of chloride ions, the order of elution of the three proteins was B, then C, and finally A. Next, the protein mixture was chromatographed on a gel filtration column. The order of elution of the three proteins from this column was C, A, B. Finally, the protein mixture was passed over a chromatography column containing a Ni-NTA affinity matrix. Only protein A was retained by the column. Answer the following (i) Which protein (A, B, or C) has the highest and lowest positive charge (ii) Which protein has the highest and lowest mass (ii) Which protein has an affinity for the Ni-NTA matrix and why
16. Name the type of biomolecules shown below:
1. You need 0.5 liter of a 0.1 M buffer for a biochemical reaction that you plan to perform at pH 2.0. On the shelf in your laboratory you have available phosphoric acid, and the amino acids aspartate, glycine, glutamate, tyrosine, and histidine (all you have available are the fully deprotonated forms of the molecules); these are the only buffer materials you have available. (The pKa values for these compounds are given below.) For phosphoric acid, pKal1 = 2.12, pKa2 = 7.21, and pKa3 = 12.32 For aspartate, pKaCOOH = 1.88, pKaNH3+ = 9.60, pKa sidechain = 3.65 For glycine, pKaCOOH = 2.34, pKaNH3+ = 9.60 For glutamate, pKaCOOH = 2.19, pKaNH3+ = 9.67, pKa sidechain = 4.25 For histidine, pKɑCOOH = 1.82, pKɑNH3+ = 9.17, pKa sidechain = 6.00 For tyrosine, pKaCOOH = 2.20, pKaNH3+ = 9.11, pKa sidechain = 10.07 a. Of these possible buffers, which is likely to yield the greatest resistance to pH change from the starting pH of 2.0, assuming that you were going to run a biochemical reaction that…
2. During SDS PAGE, Tighnari loaded the purified protein extract from redcrest and padisarah, another sample that he is working with for his dissertation. Note that the isolated proteins from padisarah have molecular weights similar to that of the proteins isolated from redcrest. The results of the SDS-PAGE are shown in Figure D.2. SDS-PAGE w/o ß-mercaptoethanol LANE 1 B D LANE 2 PHILGAR SDS-PAGE w/ p-mercaptoethanol LANE 1 !!! LANE 2 Figure D.2. Electrophoretogram obtained after SDS-PAGE of the purified protein extract from redcrest and padisarah.
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4. Below is a Michaelis-Menten plot for a wild-type (WT) and mutant (V105A) enzyme isolated from the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The enzyme is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and is a potential biocatalyst for the large-scale production of rare sugars. (8) mg V₂ μmol s1 1.50- 1.25- 1.00- 0.75- 0.50- 0.25- 0.00 0 100 200 300 [s], mM 400 500 WT (a) Estimate the KM and Vmax for the wild-type and mutant enzyme from the graph. V105A (b) Calculate the keat and keat/KM for the wild-type and mutant enzyme based on your estimated values in (a) if the total enzyme concentration is 0.5 µmol/mg. (c) Is the mutant enzyme a more or less efficient catalyst than the wild-type enzyme? Briefly explain.
32
9.2
47. Tretinoin gel (RETIN-A MICRO) is avail- able in two strengths: 0.1% w/w and 0.04% w/w. Which of these represents equivalent concentrations of the two strengths? (a) 15 mg/15 g and 30 mg/30 g (b) 5 mg/5 g and 0.06 g/15 g (c) 15 mg/15 g and 60 mg/15 g (d) 30 mg/30 g and 6 mg/15 g 47. (d) 30 mg/30 g and 6 mg/15 g

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