1. The lowest levels of species diversity are typically associated with:A. natural areas (with native species) rather than human-disturbed areas (with invasive species)B. polar regions (high latitudes) rather than equatorial regions (tropical latitudes)C. intermediate soils (with abundant nutrients) rather than sandy soils (with few nutrients)D. sea-level (low altitudes) rather than on mountaintops (high altitudes)E. small-scale disturbances (like fires) rather than large-scale disturbances (like glaciers)

The species diversity in a particular area gives us some idea about the environmental condition in…

Answered: 1. The lowest levels of species…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter53: Population Interactions And Community Ecology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYK

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30. The highest levels of species diversity are typically associated with: A. mountaintops (high altitudes) rather than sea-level regions (low altitudes) B. polar regions (high latitudes) rather than equatorial regions (tropical latitudes) C. small-scale disturbances (like fires) rather than large-scale disturbances (like glaciers) D. sandy soils (with few nutrients) rather than intermediate soils (with abundant nutrients) E. human-disturbed areas (with invasive species) rather than natural areas (with native species)
The change in the species composition of a terrestrial community from bare and lifeless rock to climax vegetation is called: a. disturbance. b. competition. c. secondary succession. d. primary succession. e. facilitation.
5. Secondary succession always begins with which of the following species? A. mature species (like sugar maple trees in a deciduous forest habitat) B. intermediate species (like cherry trees in a deciduous forest habitat) C. climax species (like beech trees in a deciduous forest habitat) D. pioneer species (like crabgrass in a deciduous forest habitat) E. none of the above
2. How does a legacy effect (large falling and roots rip up the soil creating a pit/mound) impact biodiversity? a. It decreases biodiversity because it decreases habitat heterogeneity b. It increases biodiversity because it increases habitat heterogeneity c. It decreases biodiversity because it increases habitat heterogeneity d. This does not impact heterogeneity
5. Which of the following successional species would have to live the farthest distance away from a point source of heavy metal pollutants (like the Sudbury smelters in Ontario, Canada)? A. intermediate species (like pine trees) B. short-lived species (like sedges) C. mature species (like sugar maples) D. pioneer species (like grasses) E. all of the above will be equally distant from a point source of heavy metal pollutants
12. Some plants need more light than others to survive. Knowing this, explain how the following factors might affect the type of plants that will start the process of secondary succession after an ecological disturbance. Then identify the factor that is probably the most important in determining which species will be the first to repopulate an area after an ecological disturbance. Explain your reasoning. a) the type of ecological disturbance (for example, a forest fire versus a fallen tree) b) the types of seeds left in the soil after the disturbance c) the availability of moisture in the soil d) the availability of nutrients in the soil
1. Which of the following island features are associated with the highest species richness? A. big islands (low extinction rates), and distant from the mainland (low immigration rates) B. small islands (high extinction rates), and distant from the mainland (low immigration rates) C. small islands (low extinction rates), and close to the mainland (high immigration rates) D. big islands (high extinction rates), and distant from the mainland (low immigration rates) E. big islands (low extinction rates), and close to the mainland (high immigration rates)
14. Non-native species: are nearly always the cause of habitat degradation. always lead to lower biodiversity . All of these choices are true. may come in to an already altered landscape, and thus are correlated with degraded landscapes (in other words, can act as passengers of change).
1. Define the following terms: a. Species Richness b. Species Evenness c. Species Diversity
10. Other than elephant herbivores preying on the acacia trees, identify two different types of direct interspecies interactions found in the community described in the background or shown in the video. Name the interaction, identify the two types of species involved (use properly formatted scientific names), and describe how each species is affected by the interaction (is it a positive or negative interaction for them, and what benefit or harm results to them?) video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3blzcbll7Q&t=287s
49. Chronic patchiness commonly occurs in which of the following cases of secondary succession? A. saguaro cactuses randomly distributed wherever nutrients happen to be (in the desert soil) B. pioneer shrubs producing aromatic chemicals to inhibit other plants (in the chaparral) C. pioneer species forming dense stands to stop seed germination by other plants (in forests) D. dune grass stabilizing sandy soils so that other species can grow there (in sand dunes) E. pioneer grasses forming thick mats to prevent other plants from germinating (in prairies)
5. A community located in suburban Pennsylvania has been monitored for several decades to study impacts of human disturbance on the biodiversity of the area. In 1976 a team of researchers quantified the area's plant biodiversity using Simpson's Index of Biodiversity. The area had not yet experienced any significant disturbance and the researchers found the area to have an index of 0.842. After decades of significant disturbance, you have been tasked with updating the area's measure of biodiversity using Simpson's Index. The plant community is pictured below. 奉奉奉奉奉奉奉奉奉奉 = Number Species Number /Total Number p? Total Number: Ep.: D-1-Σp-

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