1. The filament of a light bulb radiates energy into space at a rate of 4.0 W at a temperature of 500 K. At what temperature will it radiate at a rate of 16.0 W? 2. This room can be considered a leaky container. Suppose the temperature of the air in the room increases from 20.0 oC to 25.0 oC. By approximately what percentage does the number of molecules in the room change? 3. A material with area 40. cm by 60. cm is 10. cm thick and conducts heat at a rate of 50. W when the difference in temperatures between the two sides is 30. oC. What is the thermal conductivity constant of this material? 4. Suppose an ideal engine takes a gas through a Carnot cycle. If it runs at an efficiency of 45% and produces 25 J of waste heat at a temperature of 27 oC each cycle, how much work does it do each cycle, and what is the temperature of the heat reservoir? 5. Suppose a soda bottle is shaken up, and the pressure inside the bottle is 1.10 atm. If the lid has an area of 5.0 cm2 , approximately how much net force is exerted on the lid? (1 atm = 1.01×105 N/m2)
Kinetic Theory of Gas
The Kinetic Theory of gases is a classical model of gases, according to which gases are composed of molecules/particles that are in random motion. While undergoing this random motion, kinetic energy in molecules can assume random velocity across all directions. It also says that the constituent particles/molecules undergo elastic collision, which means that the total kinetic energy remains constant before and after the collision. The average kinetic energy of the particles also determines the pressure of the gas.
P-V Diagram
A P-V diagram is a very important tool of the branch of physics known as thermodynamics, which is used to analyze the working and hence the efficiency of thermodynamic engines. As the name suggests, it is used to measure the changes in pressure (P) and volume (V) corresponding to the thermodynamic system under study. The P-V diagram is used as an indicator diagram to control the given thermodynamic system.
1. The filament of a light bulb radiates energy into space at a rate of 4.0 W at a temperature of 500 K. At what temperature will it
2. This room can be considered a leaky container. Suppose the temperature of the air in the room increases from 20.0 oC to 25.0 oC. By approximately what percentage does the number of molecules in the room change?
3. A material with area 40. cm by 60. cm is 10. cm thick and
4. Suppose an ideal engine takes a gas through a Carnot cycle. If it runs at an efficiency of 45% and produces 25 J of waste heat at a temperature of 27 oC each cycle, how much work does it do each cycle, and what is the temperature of the heat reservoir?
5. Suppose a soda bottle is shaken up, and the pressure inside the bottle is 1.10 atm. If the lid has an area of 5.0 cm2 , approximately how much net force is exerted on the lid? (1 atm = 1.01×105 N/m2)
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