1. Summarize the primary source document by giving a few sentences saying what it is and where it came from, and then writing a paragraph or two that describes what is says. 2. Analyze the source by stating your own informed opinion, about what the source means in its context and you should talk about each source in the context of the history we are studying—that it, in its own time and place—rather than comparing it to modern events, people, orinstitutions. Introduction: In the second century C.E., an otherwise unknown jurist named Gaius wrote a textbook ofRoman law for students. In it, he set out clearly the different legal statuses of slaves, citizens, and thedifferent categories of freedmen, and he mentioned the various pieces of legislation that affected slaves,particularly the Lex Aelia Sentia of 4 C.E. Here are some of the selections from Gaius' textbook dealingwith slavery. The numbers in parentheses are item numbers from the original text.(1) Every community that is governed by laws and customs uses partly its own particular law and partlythe law common to all mankind. For whatever system of justice each community establishes for itself,that is its own particular law and is called "civil law" as the law particular to that community (civitas),while that which natural reason has established among all human beings is observed equally by allpeoples, and is called "law of nations" (jus gentium) since it is the standard of justice which all mankindobserves. Thus, the Roman people in part follows its own particular system of justice and in part thecommon law of all mankind. We shall note what this distinction implies in particular instances at therelevant point.(8) The system of justice which we use can be divided according to how it relates to persons, to thingsand to actions. Let us first see how it relates to persons.(9) The principal distinction made by the law of persons is this, that all human beings are either free menor slaves.(10) Next, some free men are free-born (ingenui), others freedmen (libertini).(11) The free-born are those who were free when they were born; freedmen are those who have beenreleased from a state of slavery.(12) Freedmen belong to one of three status groups: they are either Roman citizens, or Latins, or subjects(dediticii). Let us examine each status group separately, starting with subjects.Dediticii(13) The Lex Aelia Sentia requires that any slaves who had been put in chains as a punishment by theirmasters or had been branded or interrogated under torture about some crime of which they were found tobe guilty, and any who had been handed over to fight as gladiators or with wild beasts or had belonged toa troupe of gladiators or had been imprisoned, should, if the same owner or any subsequent ownermanumits them, become free men of the same status as subject foreigners (peregrini dediticii).

1. Summarize the primary source document by giving a few sentences saying what it is and where it came from, and then writing a paragraph or two that describes what is says. 2. Analyze the source by stating your own informed opinion, about what the source means in its context and you should talk about each source in the context of the history we are studying— that it, in its own time and place—rather than comparing it to modern events, people, or institutions.

1. Summarize the primary source document by giving a few sentences saying what it is and where it came from, and then writing a paragraph or two that describes what is says. 2. Analyze the source by stating your own informed opinion, about what the source means in its context and you should talk about each source in the context of the history we are studying— that it, in its own time and place—rather than comparing it to modern events, people, or institutions.