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- 1. Why is the new diet prescribed? (What is believed to be his problem?)Mr. Gutteman’s problem continues despite the diet change. In fact, thefrequency of diarrhea increases and by the end of the next day, he iscomplaining of severe abdominal pain. Again, he is asked some questions to probe his condition. One is whether he has traveled outside the countryrecently. He has not, reducing the possibility of infection with Shigella bacteria, which is associated with poor sanitation. Other questions: ● Do you drink alcohol and how much? (Response: “Little or none.”) ● Have you recently eaten raw eggs or a salad containing mayonnaise at a gathering?(Response: “No.”) ● Are there certain foods that seem to precipitate these attacks? (Response: “Yes, when I have coffee and a sandwich.”) 2. On the basis of these responses, what do you think Mr. Gutteman’s diarrhea might stem from? How will it be diagnosed and treated?1. A 57-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department with complaints of acute onset of intense abdominal pain. On physical examination, the pain appears to be localized to the upper abdomen near the epigastric area and radiating to the back. While being examined, the patient experiences nausea and vomiting. The patient denies recent alcohol consumption and states that he has not been feeling well during the past few days. A. What diagnoses should be considered for the patient? B. What laboratory tests can aid in making a definitive diagnosis?14. Various types of glands form a part of the alimentary canal wall or duct their secretions into it. Match the glands listed B with the function/locations described in column A. Column A Column B a. duodenal glands 1. produce(s) mucus; found in the submucosa of the small intestine 2. b. gastric glands produce(s) a product containing amylase that begins starch breakdown in the mouth C. intestinal crypts 3. produce(s) many enzymes and an alkaline fluid that is secreted into the duodenum d. liver 4. produce(s) bile that it secretes into the duodenum via the bile duct e. pancreas 5. produce(s) HCI and pepsinogen f. salivary glands 6. found in the mucosa of the small intestine; produce(s) intestinal juice
- 1. Give a generalization of solubility of lipids. 2.Definea. Emulsification b. Rancidity 3. What is the importance of the acrolein test? Write a balance equation for this test 4. Differentiate the two types of rancidity. 5. What is the importance of emulsification in digestion of lipid? 6. What is the positive result and the importance of Liebermann-Burchard and Salkowski tests?1. does a positive test for bilirubin indicate the presence of urobilinogen in urine? 2. what important precaution should you remember in preserving urine for bile pigment examination? 3. briefly describe the different classifications of albuminuria. 4. what is the diagnostic significance of lactose in urine?The type of diarrhea caused by an inflammatory disorder of the intestine is: 1. Secretory 2. Small-volume 3. Motility 4. Large-volume Patients who suffer from ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease have abdominal pain, which is the result of distention and inflammation. This type of pain is known as: 1. Visceral 2. Referred 3. Parietal 4. Somatic
- 6. Match the items in column B with the descriptive statements in column A. Column A 1. structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall 2. fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption 3. large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine 4. deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely or partially around the circumference of the small intestine 5. mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates swallowing 6. conduit for both air and food 7. food passageway that has no digestive/absorptive function 8. folds of the gastric mucosa 9. pocketlike sacs of the large intestine 10. projections of the plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell 11. valve at the junction of the small and large intestines 12. primary region of nutrient absorption 13. membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth 14. absorbs water and forms feces 15. area between the…2 Which is not a sign of severe acute pancreatitis? A Total abdominal tenderness B Courvoisier's.sign C Cullen's sign D Grey Turner's sign E Shifting duliness positive15. A 40-year-old woman with a history of constipation and anal fissures has generalized pain and tenderness on the left side of the anus that increases with defecation. Ona mperatures 38.3°C (101"F), Digital rectal examination discloses a large tender mass on the left wall of the anal canal and no apparent varcosities. The mest key dagross is an abrass wc dita following locations? so A) Ischiorectal fossa 8) Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas) C) Superficial perineal space OD) Vesicouterine pouch
- 1. The physician has decided to start an antilithic drug in an attempt to dissolve the gallstones of a patient. The drug of choice is: a. Cholestyramine (Questran) b. Quinacrine (Atabrine) c. Chenodiol ( Chenix) d. Quinethazone(Aquamox) 2. A client develops a gallstone that becomes lodged in the common bile duct. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) was performed. One hour post procedure, which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care? a. assess for return of gag reflex b. encourage early ambulation c. administer withheld medications 3. In the discharge instructions for a post-cholecystectomy client, the nurse would include the importance of a. calling the physician if gas occurs b. remaining indoors until the surgical dressings are removed c. reporting dark colored stools to the clinic d. notifying physician of the development of jaundice or itchingWrite aboute the following with pictures : 1. bile salts : definition , formation , fate , functions. 2. bile pigments formation through :- reticuloendothelial system : - blood . - liver. - intestine. 3. gallbladder function.Write aboute the following with pictures : 1. bile pigments formation through :- reticuloendothelial system : - blood . - liver. - intestine. 2. gallbladder function.
