1. State two ways that the secondary response differs from the primary response.

Q: Under what circumstances is having a fever beneficial? Under what circumstances is having a fever…

A: FEVER It is the condition of an increased body temperature which is not a disease but a symptom.  B…

Q: 6. Why have different classes of antibodies (i.e. IgD, IgE)?

A: In warm-blooded creatures i.e mammals, antibodies are ordered into five fundamental classes or…

Q: 5. Which types of cells can establish the immunological memory necessary for adaptive immunity?…

A: B and T cells can establish the immunological memory necessary for adaptive immunity. B cell…

Q: 9. Which of the following antibody classes or isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1,…

A: Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulin.These are the protein which are made by plasma cell .…

Q: receptors

A: When a pathogen enters the human body, the body initiates the innate immune system. The innate…

Q: 33. Give a brief explanation of clonal selection and expansion

A: Clonal selection is a process proposed to explain how a single B or T cell that recogonizes an…

Q: Please discuss how a fever develops. What is your body responding to? How can a fever be beneficial?…

A: ANSWER;- discuss how a fever develops.  - You get a fever in light of the fact that your body is…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself…

A: Skin surface  and all the mucous membrane forms a physical barrier against antigen. It…

Q: . Diagram the sequences of events in immediate hypersensitivity

A: Immediate hypersensitivity is also termed type I hypersensitivity. It is a type of allergic reaction…

Q: How would you have to modify the diagram of IgG to depict serum IgM

A: Antibodies are Y shaped soluble glycoproteins that are produced in response to the antigens by…

Q: Which is a chemical of the second line defense?     none of the above     cytokines, thymosines,…

A: The innate or non-specific immunity forms the first line of defense against non-self pathogens.

Q: 8. Where are the antigens that T cells recognize and bind to?

A: Antigen is a substance that enters the body and starts a process that can cause disease. The body…

Q: 11. What happens when B cells proliferate in response to signaling from a helper T cell?

A: We know that B cells synthesize and secrete antibodies whereas T-cells do not make antibodies .…

Q: Explain the nature of the diff erent types of innate, nonspecifi c defenses.

A: The immune system was evolved in the higher animals to provide defence from foreign substances which…

Q: e the normal immune

A: W know Human body have their own system to protect themselves from harmful bacteria, Viruses which…

Q: What precautions should be taught to him and immediate family members regarding exposure to the…

A: Prednisone is a glucocorticoid medication which is used for suppressing the immune system and lessen…

Q: 2. Differentiate the different types of immunity. avlevalay rosod

A: Immunity is the capacity of an organism to resist or defend against pathogenic microbes or toxic…

Q: What is meant by complement fi xation? What are cytolysins?

A: The Complement system is the system where the serum proteins reacts with the antigen antibody…

Q: Identify three components of the first line of defense.

A: To combat foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria, and fungus, the human body has three basic…

Q: The INNATE defenses can tell the difference between SELF and NONSELF to a certain extent. EXPLAIN…

A: The ability of an organisms to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific…

Q: 1. List and describe 4 examples of barrier defenses.

A: Introduction  Natural barriers and the immune system protect the body against infection-causing…

Q: 2. Development of hypersensitivity of the immediate type and its stage

A: Hypersensitivity is caused due to an exaggerated action of the immune system against a foreign agent…

Q: 4. Clinical features of disorders due to the breakdown of immunological tolerance.

A: Disorders due to breakdown of immunological tolerance are also known as autoimmune disorders. These…

Q: 1. Compare how long active immunity and passive immunity last. 2. Explain the difference between…

A: The ability or potential of an organism or individual to withstand a particular infection or toxin…

Q: Is, what is an autoimmune disease?

A: autoimmune disease :- it is a condition in which human's immune system mistakenly attacks the body.…

Q: Contrast the Primary and Secondary Antibody Responses. How do these differences allow for…

A: Antibody response is the reaction between antibodies produced by the immune cells and the antigens…

Q: Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the spleen and lymph nodes.

A: Human anatomy is the scientific study of the adult human's morphology. It's broken down into two…

Q: Explain why you alternately feel cold and shiver followed by feeling hot and sweating when you have…

A: The rise in a person's core body temperature above a "set point" controlled by the hypothalamus, the…

Q: Describe the changes in innate immunity due to immunosenescence.

A: It is our immune system that protects our body against infections and diseases. It regulates wound…

Q: 4. Define adaptive immunity and describe how it differs from innate immunity.

A: Introduction:- Immunity is a complicated biological system with the ability to recognise and accept…

Q: 3. Adjuvants are substances that slow, but do not stop, the release of an antigen from an injection…

A: An adjuvant is an component present in certain injections that helps produce a stronger immune…

Q: 3. Clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity of the immediate type

A: Hypersensitivity reactions of the immediate type, also known as type I hypersensitivity, involve an…

Q: immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity     results in the production of…

A: The innate or non-specific immunity forms the first line of defense against non-self pathogens.  The…

Q: 6. During an infection, the immune system alerts the organ systems of the body by producing…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: 5. The type of phagocytotic leukocyte that increases in early stages of bacterial infections is the

A: The immune system of the human body consists of white blood cells, thymus, spleen and other…

Q: 2. Choose all the correct answers. Which of the following are considered classic or cardinal signs…

A: Inflammation is the response produced locally by the body against any kind of tissue damage in order…

Q: Describe the importance of T-cells for good health. Key terms: MHC, activation, apoptosis,…

A: T-cells are a type of white blood cells. They are part of the immune system and develop from stem…

Q: 3. IL-10 induces upregulation of which M2 macrophage subtype? What role does this subtype play in…

A: Macrophages are the immune cells which participates in innate host defense mechanism as well as in…

Q: 2. In what types of diseases have MSCs been used to modulate the immune response?

A: Multipotent stem cells known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may develop into a number of cell…

Q: 7. Of the millions of antigen receptors, how many types would be found on a single B or T cell?

A: Answer : B and T cells are mainly the cells used in the immune system of the body.  They are…

Q: State immunity        1) Distinguish between absolute immunity and restrictive immunity

A: State immunity, or sovereign immunity as it is normal alluded to, is a guideline of worldwide law…

Q: 2.Describe the relationship between physical activity and immune function and disease…

A: The ability of the organism to recognize and differentiate between the self and non-self particles…

Q: 3. For maximal modulation of the inflammatory response, should MSCs be administered pre- or post-…

A: MSCs cells are easily accessible and provide a viable alternative to other stem cell types. In…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.