1. Rank the alanes below in order of increasing relative Lewis acidity (1 is most acidic, 4 is least acidic). Provide a brief explanation for your ordering. AlCl3 Al(Et)3 Rank: AICI(Et)2 AlCl2(Et)
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- 2. Give the pK₂ values for the following compounds and then rank them in terms of increasing acidity. Explain why the values change so dramatically (each pKa unit is an order of magnitude) from one member of the series to the next. NH3 HF CH4 H₂OWhich of the following reactions represents the most likely reaction of naproxen with water? a.) C14H14O3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄C14H13O3-(aq) + OH-(aq) b.) C14H14O3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄C14H15O3+(aq) + OH-(aq) c.) C14H14O3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ C14H13O3-(aq) + H3O+(aq) d.) C14H14O3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄C14H15O3+(aq) + H3O+(aq)4. How can you differentiate basicity of aniline, ammonia, dimethylamine, methylamine
- Pyridine forms a stronger Lewis acid-base complex with SO3 than SO2. However, pyridine forms a weaker complex with SF6 than with SF4. Explain the difference.Aniline (conjugate acid pKa 4.63) is a considerably stronger base than diphenylamine (pKa 0.79). Account for these marked differences.3. Which anion is the weakest base? (A) (B) 4. For the structure shown below, which is the least acidic hydrogen? (В) (A) но- (D) -NH3* CO2H (C) 5. Which of the following compounds will be the most reactive toward nucleophilic attach? OCH3 (A) `CI (B) `NH2 (D) (C) 6. What is the product of following reaction sequence? Choose fro answers A, B, and C. NaOCH3 CH3I(Excess) ? Он B
- 6. Which of the following statements concerning ethanoic acid are correct? (1) It cannot be completely neutralized by sodium hydroxide. (2) Some colourless gas will be given out when it reacts with calcium granules. (3) It is a monobasic acid. (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 7. Which of the following compounds is a soluble base? А. В. С. Lead(II) oxide Iron(II) sulphate Potassium hydroxide А. В. С. D. Zinc oxide 8. Which of the following pairs of species are conjugate acid-base pairs? А. HІ, NaOH В. Н.РО, РО, С. Н.О", ОН" D. H,SO4, HSO,Treatment of indene with NaNH2 forms its conjugate base in a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base reaction. Draw all reasonable resonance structures forindene's conjugate base, and explain why the pKa of indene is lower thanthe pKa of most hydrocarbons.As far back as the 16th century, South American Incas chewed the leaves of the coca bush, Erythroxylon coca, to combat fatigue. Chemical studies of Erythroxylon coca by Friedrich Wöhler in 1862 resulted in the discovery of cocaine, C17H21NO4, as the active component. Basic hydrolysis of cocaine leads to methanol, benzoic acid, and another compound called ecgonine, C9H15NO3. Oxidation of ecgonine with CrO3 yields a keto acid that readily loses CO2 on heating, giving tropinone. (a) What is a likely structure for the keto acid? (b) What is a likely structure for ecgonine, neglecting stereochemistry? (c) What is a likely structure for cocaine, neglecting stereochemistry?
- The pKa, of the conjugate acid of morpholine is 8.33. (a) Calculate the ratio of morpholine to morpholinium ion in aqueous solution at pH 7.0. (b) At what pH are the concentrations of morpholine and morpholinium ion equal?(a) Tsomane and Nyiko were given a task of synthesising methylenecyclohexane 2. After a brief discussion with each other, Tsomane proposed Method A to synthesise 2 from cyclohexanone 1 while Nyiko proposed Method B that started from hydroxymethylcyclohexane 3. Each student believed that their proposed method is better than the other. (Scheme below) (1) Ph Ph 836 Ph THF A 1 B H₂SO4 100 °C 3 OH Which of the two methods (A or B) is more likely give high yield of methylenecyclohexane 2? Briefly explain.Rank the molecules in decreasing (strongest to weakest) acidity. Include resonance structures if necessary and explain reasoning for rank.