### Educational Website Transcription**Topic: Predicting Major Products of Chemical Reactions****Objective:** Analyze the given reactions and determine the major products, considering stereochemistry where relevant.---1. **Reaction Descriptions** **a.** Reaction involves a primary alcohol reacting with HBr (hydrobromic acid). **b.** Reaction involves a cyclic alcohol reacting with HI (hydroiodic acid). **c.** Reaction involves a secondary alcohol reacting with HCl (hydrochloric acid). **d.** A secondary alcohol reacts with a benzoyl chloride derivative. **e.** Two reactions: - A tosylate group (\(OTS\)) substituted alkane reacting with sodium cyanide (NaCN) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). - A secondary alcohol with trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride, leading to a product formed in the presence of sodium methyl sulfinate in DMSO. **f.** Reaction involves a secondary alcohol reacting with thionyl chloride (SOCl₂). **g.** A cyclic alcohol reacting with phosphorus tribromide (PBr₃).---2. **Analysis of Reactions**- **Reactions a, b, c:** Typically proceed via nucleophilic substitution (SN1 or SN2), potentially generating alkyl halides. - **Reaction d:** Likely involves esterification or acylation, forming an ester linkage.- **Reaction e (first):** Substitution reaction converting the tosyl group to a nitrile.- **Reaction e (second):** Involves conversion to a sulfonate ester, which may further undergo elimination or substitution.- **Reaction f:** Conversion to an alkyl chloride, possibly with retention or inversion of stereochemistry depending on the conditions.- **Reaction g:** Results in the formation of an alkyl bromide from an alcohol.---Each reaction requires consideration of the mechanism and the influence of stereochemistry on the major product.

Since you have asked multiple subparts of a question, we will answer the first three subparts for…

1. Predict the major products of the following reactions. Include stereochemistry where appeopriate a. b. d. e. c. £. OH stou -OH OH OH OTS + X-moto- H₂C wwwOH + + HI OH HBr NaCN/DMSO OH + HCI OH F3C- sofa sofa. SOCI₂ PBry CH₂S N DMSO

1. Predict the major products of the following reactions. Include stereochemistry where appeopriate a. b. d. e. c. £. OH stou -OH OH OH OTS + X-moto- H₂C wwwOH + + HI OH HBr NaCN/DMSO OH + HCI OH F3C- sofa sofa. SOCI₂ PBry CH₂S N DMSO

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Concept explainers

Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkanes are saturated organic compounds which are made up of C and H atoms. Alkanes have the general formula of CnH2n+2. Alkane contains sp3 hybridized carbon atoms with four sigmas (σ) bonds & every hydrogen atom is connected with one of the carbon atoms. The size of the alkane could be determined by the number of carbon atoms located in it.

Question

### Educational Website Transcription

**Topic: Predicting Major Products of Chemical Reactions**

**Objective:** Analyze the given reactions and determine the major products, considering stereochemistry where relevant.

---

1. **Reaction Descriptions**

**a.** Reaction involves a primary alcohol reacting with HBr (hydrobromic acid).

**b.** Reaction involves a cyclic alcohol reacting with HI (hydroiodic acid).

**c.** Reaction involves a secondary alcohol reacting with HCl (hydrochloric acid).

**d.** A secondary alcohol reacts with a benzoyl chloride derivative.

**e.** Two reactions:

- A tosylate group (\(OTS\)) substituted alkane reacting with sodium cyanide (NaCN) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
- A secondary alcohol with trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride, leading to a product formed in the presence of sodium methyl sulfinate in DMSO.

**f.** Reaction involves a secondary alcohol reacting with thionyl chloride (SOCl₂).

**g.** A cyclic alcohol reacting with phosphorus tribromide (PBr₃).

---

2. **Analysis of Reactions**

- **Reactions a, b, c:** Typically proceed via nucleophilic substitution (SN1 or SN2), potentially generating alkyl halides.

- **Reaction d:** Likely involves esterification or acylation, forming an ester linkage.

- **Reaction e (first):** Substitution reaction converting the tosyl group to a nitrile.

- **Reaction e (second):** Involves conversion to a sulfonate ester, which may further undergo elimination or substitution.

- **Reaction f:** Conversion to an alkyl chloride, possibly with retention or inversion of stereochemistry depending on the conditions.

- **Reaction g:** Results in the formation of an alkyl bromide from an alcohol.

---

Each reaction requires consideration of the mechanism and the influence of stereochemistry on the major product.

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